Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Food Res Int. 2021 Jul;145:110395. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110395. Epub 2021 May 12.
Mycotoxin intoxication is in general an acknowledged and tackled issue in animals. However, in several parts of the world, mycotoxicoses in humans still remain a relevant issue. The efficacy of two mycotoxin detoxifying animal feed additives, an aflatoxin bentonite clay binder and a fumonisin esterase, was investigated in a human child gut model, i.e. the in vitro Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). Additionally, the effect of the detoxifiers on gut microbiota was examined in the SHIME. After an initial two weeks of system stabilisation, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were added to the SHIME diet during one week. Next, the two detoxifiers and mycotoxins were added to the system for an additional week. The AFB1, FB1, hydrolysed FB1 (HFB1), partially hydrolysed FB1a and FB1b concentrations were determined in SHIME samples using a validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were determined by a validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Colonic bacterial communities were analysed using metabarcoding, targeting the hypervariable V1-V3 regions of the 16S rRNA genes. The AFB1 and FB1 concentrations significantly decreased after the addition of the detoxifiers. Likewise, the concentration of HFB1 significantly increased. Concentrations of SCFAs remained generally stable throughout the experiment. No major changes in bacterial composition occurred during the experiment. The results demonstrate the promising effect of these detoxifiers in reducing AFB1 and FB1 concentrations in the human intestinal environment, without compromising the gastrointestinal microbiota.
真菌毒素中毒一般被认为是动物中存在的问题，并且已经得到解决。然而，在世界上的某些地区，人类的真菌毒素中毒仍然是一个相关的问题。本研究采用体外模拟人类肠道微生物生态系统（SHIME®）模型，评估了两种真菌毒素脱毒动物饲料添加剂（黄曲霉毒素膨润土粘合剂和伏马菌素酯酶）的功效。此外，还在 SHIME 中研究了这些脱毒剂对肠道微生物群的影响。在系统稳定化初始的两周后，将黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）和伏马菌素 B1（FB1）添加到 SHIME 饮食中持续一周。接着，将两种脱毒剂和真菌毒素添加到系统中持续一周。使用经过验证的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法在 SHIME 样品中测定 AFB1、FB1、水解 FB1（HFB1）、部分水解 FB1a 和 FB1b 的浓度。使用经过验证的气相色谱-质谱法测定短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的浓度。使用靶向 16S rRNA 基因的高变区 V1-V3 区的 metabarcoding 分析结肠细菌群落。添加脱毒剂后，AFB1 和 FB1 的浓度显著降低，而 HFB1 的浓度显著增加。整个实验过程中 SCFA 浓度基本保持稳定。实验过程中细菌组成没有发生重大变化。结果表明，这些脱毒剂在降低人类肠道环境中 AFB1 和 FB1 的浓度方面具有良好的效果，同时不会损害胃肠道微生物群。
