Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano - Campus Governador Mangabeira, Rua Waldemar Mascarenhas, s/n, Portão (Estrada Velha da Chesf), Governador Mangabeira, Bahia, 44350-000, Brazil.
Departamento de Biociências, Centro de Ciências Agrárias/Campus II, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Paraíba, 58397-000, Areia, Brazil.
Braz J Microbiol. 2021 Sep;52(3):1489-1501. doi: 10.1007/s42770-021-00531-1. Epub 2021 Jun 11.
The biodiversity of filamentous fungi and their ecological relationships in the context of decaying Araucaria angustifolia (an endangered conifer) substrates are still mostly unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the diversity of saprotrophic filamentous fungi, based on morphological identification, associated with A. angustifolia, in addition to assessing possible saprobic/plant affinity relationship, and verifying whether the study areas and substrates affect the composition of the mycobiota. A total of 5000 substrates (decaying needles and twigs) were collected during five expeditions (2014/2015) to two areas: São Francisco de Paula National Forest (FLONA-SFP) and São Joaquim National Park (PARNA-SJ), Brazil. A total of 135 species distributed among 85 genera, 40 families, nine classes, 24 orders, three subphyla, and two phyla were identified. One new genus and five new species that were previously described, and six rare species and five species with affinity for A. angustifolia were also recorded. The twigs showed a community of fungi with greater richness and dominance. Conversely, the values of abundance, Simpson's diversity index, and evenness were lower than those determined for needles. In terms of the study areas, FLONA-SFP showed higher values of richness, abundance, Simpson's diversity index, and evenness than PARNA-SJ. Principal coordinate analysis and similarity percentage analysis showed the influence of both substrate factors and areas in the composition of the fungal communities. The presence of new, rare, and affinity-related species reinforces the study of fungi in the context of the conservation of this conifer, as these species are threatened by co-extinction.
丝状真菌的生物多样性及其在腐朽南洋杉（濒危针叶树）基质中的生态关系在很大程度上仍不为人知。本研究旨在调查与南洋杉相关的腐生丝状真菌的多样性，基于形态鉴定，此外还评估了可能的腐生性/植物亲和关系，并验证了研究区域和基质是否会影响真菌区系的组成。在五次远征（2014/2015 年）中，共收集了 5000 个基质（腐朽的针叶和嫩枝），这些基质来自两个地区：巴西圣弗朗西斯科德保拉国家森林（FLONA-SFP）和圣若昂国家公园（PARNA-SJ）。共鉴定出分布在 85 个属、40 个科、9 个纲、24 个目、3 个亚纲和 2 个门中的 135 个物种。鉴定出一个新属和五个以前描述过的新种，以及六个稀有物种和五个与南洋杉有亲和关系的物种。嫩枝显示出真菌群落的丰富度和优势度更高。相反，丰度、辛普森多样性指数和均匀度的值低于针叶所确定的值。就研究区域而言，FLONA-SFP 的丰富度、丰度、辛普森多样性指数和均匀度值均高于 PARNA-SJ。主坐标分析和相似性百分比分析表明，基质因素和区域都对真菌群落的组成有影响。新种、稀有种和亲和种的存在加强了对这种针叶树保护背景下真菌的研究，因为这些物种受到共同灭绝的威胁。
