Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 28;13:1018962. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018962. eCollection 2022.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), frontline soldiers of the adaptive immune system, are recruited into the tumor site to fight against tumors. However, their small number and reduced activity limit their ability to overcome the tumor. Enhancement of TILs number and activity against tumors has been of interest for a long time. A lack of knowledge about the tumor microenvironment (TME) has limited success in primary TIL therapies. Although the advent of engineered T cells has revolutionized the immunotherapy methods of hematologic cancers, the heterogeneity of solid tumors warrants the application of TILs with a wide range of specificity. Recent advances in understanding TME, immune exhaustion, and immune checkpoints have paved the way for TIL therapy regimens. Nowadays, TIL therapy has regained attention as a safe personalized immunotherapy, and currently, several clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of TIL therapy in patients who have failed conventional immunotherapies. Gaining favorable outcomes following TIL therapy of patients with metastatic melanoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer has raised hope in patients with refractory solid tumors, too. Nevertheless, TIL therapy procedures face several challenges, such as high cost, timely expansion, and technical challenges in selecting and activating the cells. Herein, we reviewed the recent advances in the TIL therapy of solid tumors and discussed the challenges and perspectives.
肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TILs）是适应性免疫系统的一线战士，它们被招募到肿瘤部位与肿瘤作斗争。然而，它们的数量少且活性降低，限制了它们克服肿瘤的能力。增强 TILs 的数量和对肿瘤的活性一直是人们关注的焦点。由于对肿瘤微环境（TME）的了解不足，原发性 TIL 治疗的效果有限。尽管工程化 T 细胞的出现彻底改变了血液癌症的免疫疗法方法，但实体肿瘤的异质性需要应用具有广泛特异性的 TILs。对 TME、免疫衰竭和免疫检查点的理解的最新进展为 TIL 治疗方案铺平了道路。如今，TIL 治疗作为一种安全的个性化免疫疗法重新受到关注，目前，几项临床试验正在评估 TIL 治疗在常规免疫疗法失败的患者中的疗效。转移性黑色素瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌和乳腺癌患者接受 TIL 治疗后取得良好的结果，也为难治性实体肿瘤患者带来了希望。然而，TIL 治疗程序面临一些挑战，如成本高、及时扩增以及选择和激活细胞方面的技术挑战。本文综述了 TIL 治疗实体瘤的最新进展，并讨论了面临的挑战和展望。
