鼠巨细胞病毒 MCK-2 促进树突状细胞向唾液腺腺泡细胞的感染转移。
Murine Cytomegalovirus MCK-2 Facilitates Infection Transfer from Dendritic Cells to Salivary Gland Acinar Cells.
机构信息
School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
出版信息
J Virol. 2021 Aug 10;95(17):e0069321. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00693-21.
The cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) spread systemically via myeloid cells and demonstrate broad tissue tropism. Human CMV (HCMV) UL128 encodes a component of the virion pentameric complex (PC) that is important for entry into epithelial cells and cell-cell spread . It possesses N-terminal amino acid sequences similar to those of CC chemokines. While the species specificity of HCMV precludes confirmation of UL128 function , UL128-like counterparts in experimental animals have demonstrated a role in salivary gland infection. How they achieve this has not been defined, although effects on monocyte tropism and immune evasion have been proposed. By tracking infected cells following lung infection, we show that although the UL128-like protein in mouse CMV (MCMV) (designated MCK-2) facilitated entry into lung macrophages, it was dispensable for subsequent viremia mediated by CD11c dendritic cells (DCs) and extravasation to the salivary glands. Notably, MCK-2 was important for the transfer of MCMV infection from DCs to salivary gland acinar epithelial cells. Acinar cell infection of MCMVs deleted of MCK-2 was not rescued by T-cell depletion, arguing against an immune evasion mechanism for MCK-2 in the salivary glands. In contrast to lung infection, peritoneal MCMV inoculation yields mixed monocyte/DC viremia. In this setting, MCK-2 again promoted DC-dependent infection of salivary gland acinar cells, but it was not required for monocyte-dependent spread to the lung. Thus, the action of MCK-2 in MCMV spread was specific to DC-acinar cell interactions. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) establish myeloid cell-associated viremias and persistent shedding from the salivary glands. studies with human CMV (HCMV) have implicated HCMV UL128 in epithelial tropism, but its role is unknown. Here, we analyzed how a murine CMV (MCMV) protein with similar physical properties, designated MCK-2, contributes to host colonization. We demonstrate that MCK-2 is dispensable for initial systemic spread from primary infection sites but within the salivary gland facilitates the transfer of infection from dendritic cells (DCs) to epithelial acinar cells. Virus transfer from extravasated monocytes to the lungs did not require MCK-2, indicating a tissue-specific effect. These results provide new information about how persistent viral tropism determinants operate .
巨细胞病毒(CMV)通过髓样细胞在体内传播,并表现出广泛的组织嗜性。人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)UL128 编码病毒五聚体复合物(PC)的一个组成部分,该复合物对进入上皮细胞和细胞间传播很重要。它具有与 CC 趋化因子相似的 N 端氨基酸序列。虽然 HCMV 的种属特异性排除了 UL128 功能的确认,但实验动物中的 UL128 类似物已证明在唾液腺感染中具有作用。它们如何实现这一目标尚不清楚,尽管已经提出了对单核细胞嗜性和免疫逃避的影响。通过跟踪肺部感染后的受感染细胞,我们表明,尽管鼠巨细胞病毒(MCMV)中的 UL128 样蛋白(指定为 MCK-2)有助于进入肺巨噬细胞,但对于随后由 CD11c 树突状细胞(DC)介导的病毒血症和外渗到唾液腺是可有可无的。值得注意的是,MCK-2 对于将 MCMV 感染从 DC 转移到唾液腺腺泡上皮细胞很重要。MCK-2 缺失的 MCMV 的腺泡细胞感染不能通过 T 细胞耗竭来挽救,这表明 MCK-2 在唾液腺中没有免疫逃避机制。与肺部感染相反,腹膜内接种 MCMV 会产生混合的单核细胞/DC 病毒血症。在这种情况下,MCK-2 再次促进了 DC 依赖性唾液腺腺泡细胞的感染,但对于单核细胞向肺部的扩散则不是必需的。因此,MCK-2 在 MCMV 传播中的作用是特定于 DC-腺泡细胞相互作用的。巨细胞病毒(CMV)建立与髓样细胞相关的病毒血症,并从唾液腺持续脱落。用人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)进行的研究表明,HCMV UL128 参与上皮细胞嗜性,但作用尚不清楚。在这里,我们分析了具有相似物理特性的鼠巨细胞病毒(MCMV)蛋白(指定为 MCK-2)如何有助于宿主定植。我们证明,MCK-2 对于从原发性感染部位的初始系统传播不是必需的,但在唾液腺中,它有助于将感染从树突状细胞(DC)转移到上皮腺泡细胞。从渗出的单核细胞到肺部的病毒转移不需要 MCK-2,这表明存在组织特异性影响。这些结果提供了有关持续性病毒嗜性决定因素如何发挥作用的新信息。
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