Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, P.O. Box 10048, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2022 Jan;50(1):232-244. doi: 10.3758/s13421-021-01197-8. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
This study addresses a poorly understood but important question concerning the cognition of deception: How much more is there to lying than to responding incorrectly, the latter capturing how researchers have occasionally operationalized deception? A recent social-cognitive account of lying - Activation-Decision-Construction-Action Theory (ADCAT) - asserts a qualitative difference between the two - for instance, that deception involves Theory of Mind inferences and more proactive interference. To test these notions within-subjects, participants answered closed-ended and open-ended questions probing general truths honestly, deceptively, or with intentional errors. Response time and noncompliance with instructions were the dependent measures. Deceptive responding generally elicited the longest response times and the lowest instruction compliance, followed by intentional erring, supporting the theory. Although not the primary focus, response inhibition due to implausible deception was demonstrated for the first time.
除了错误回答，即研究人员偶尔操作化的欺骗，还有多少是在说谎？最近的一种说谎的社会认知理论——激活-决策-建构-行动理论（ADCAT）——断言这两者之间存在质的差异——例如，欺骗涉及心理理论推断和更多的主动干扰。为了在个体内测试这些概念，参与者回答了封闭式和开放式问题，诚实地、欺骗地或故意错误地探究一般事实。反应时间和不遵守指令是因变量。欺骗性反应通常会产生最长的反应时间和最低的指令遵守率，其次是故意犯错，这支持了该理论。尽管不是主要关注点，但由于难以置信的欺骗而产生的反应抑制首次得到了证明。
