Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, UK.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2017 Aug;24(4):1350-1358. doi: 10.3758/s13423-016-1218-z.
Most theories of lie detection assume that lying increases cognitive load, resulting in longer response latencies during questioning. However, the studies supporting this theory are typically laboratory-based, in settings with no specific validity in security contexts. Consequently, using virtual reality (VR), we investigated how response latencies were influenced in an ecologically valid environment of interest to security professionals. In a highly realistic airport security terminal presented in VR, a security officer asked participants yes/no questions about their belongings. We found that liars actually responded more quickly to questions on which they were lying than to questions on which they were telling the truth. A control group, who answered the same questions but were not lying, answered equally quickly for all questions. We argue that this decrease in response time is possibly an unconscious reaction to questions on which individuals must answer deceptively. These results call into question the generalizability of previous research and highlight the importance of ecological validity when researching lie detection. These findings also uncover a new potential tool for enhancing lie detection in real-world scenarios.
大多数谎言检测理论假设，说谎会增加认知负荷，导致在询问时的反应潜伏期更长。然而，支持这一理论的研究通常是基于实验室的，在安全环境中没有特定的有效性。因此，我们使用虚拟现实（VR）技术，在一个对安全专业人员有吸引力的生态有效环境中，研究了反应潜伏期是如何受到影响的。在一个高度逼真的 VR 呈现的机场安全终端中，安全官员向参与者询问关于他们物品的是/否问题。我们发现，说谎者实际上在说谎的问题上比在说实话的问题上反应更快。一个对照组回答了相同的问题，但没有说谎，他们对所有问题的回答速度都一样快。我们认为，这种反应时间的减少可能是对个体必须欺骗性回答的问题的无意识反应。这些结果对先前研究的普遍性提出了质疑，并强调了在研究谎言检测时生态有效性的重要性。这些发现还揭示了一种在现实场景中增强谎言检测的新潜在工具。
