Maternal exposure to PM was linked to elevated risk of stillbirth.

BACKGROUND

More and more studies began to explore the hazardous health effects of PM, but few reported its impacts on stillbirth. The sparse results were inconsistent and remained to be integrated. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the association between maternal exposure to PM and stillbirth.

METHODS

In this meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases for related articles written in English and published before October 18, 2020. Study selection was conducted according to the predetermined criteria and data attraction was done with predesigned form. A new instrument was applied to conduct the risk of bias assessment. And random-effect models were used to pool the estimates.

RESULTS

A total of 3655 records were identified from the databases, but only 7 studies were ultimately included in this study. Positive association was found between the maternal exposure to PM (per 10 μg/m increased) in the entire pregnancy (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.25) and third trimester (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18) and stillbirth, but the association between the maternal exposure to PM (per 10 μg/m increased) in the first trimester (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.90-1.13) and second trimester (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98-1.14) and stillbirth was not statistically significant. Besides, there was no publication bias.

CONCLUSIONS

Maternal exposure to PM in the entire pregnancy and third trimester was associated with elevated risk of stillbirth. However, due to the high heterogeneity, further pathophysiological researches and high quality population studies were still warranted.