Castro-Coronado Jaime, Yasima-Vásquez Gerardo, Zapata-Lamana Rafael, Toloza-Ramírez David, Cigarroa Igor
Programa de Magíster en Ciencias de la actividad física y Deporte Aplicadas al Entrenamiento, Rehabilitación y Reintegro Deportivo, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
Escuela de Educación, Universidad de Concepción, Los Ángeles, Chile.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2021 Sep-Oct;56(5):279-288. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.05.004. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
The aim of this scoping review was to analyze the resistance training-based programs' characteristics and outcomes of physical and psychological health and cognitive functions measured in older adults with sarcopenia.
This scoping review was carried out following the criteria and flow diagram established in the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from 2011 until 2020 from electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included. The sample's average age was 72.2 years, with an age range between 71 and 80 years, considering a total sample of 1029 older adults (57% women). Resistance training-based programs were carried out mainly in university facilities, presented high adherence (91.2%) and were able to induce increase in strength and muscle mass. The most frequent parameters used were 2-3 weekly, 50-90-min-long sessions for 3-9 months, using between 8 and 15 repetitions, in an intense training zone with 1-RM between 60% and 85%. The most measured physical health outcomes were muscle strength, muscle mass, and BMI. Cognitive impairment was frequently evaluated, and few studies evaluated mental health.
This review characterized resistance training-based programs in older people with sarcopenia, highlighting the extension, frequency, duration, and intensity of these, as well the most frequently used outcome measures and instruments. These results could be useful for prescribing future resistance training-based programs in older adults with sarcopenia.
本综述的目的是分析以抗阻训练为基础的项目在肌肉减少症老年人群中的特点以及所测量的身体和心理健康及认知功能的结果。
本综述按照PRISMA指南中确立的标准和流程图进行，纳入了2011年至2020年来自电子数据库（包括PubMed、Scopus和科学网）的研究。
共纳入13项随机对照试验。样本的平均年龄为72.2岁，年龄范围在71至80岁之间，总样本为1029名老年人（57%为女性）。以抗阻训练为基础的项目主要在大学设施中开展，依从性高（91.2%），且能够使力量和肌肉量增加。最常用的参数是每周2 - 3次，每次时长50 - 90分钟，持续3 - 9个月，每组重复8至15次，训练强度处于60%至85%的1 - RM高强度训练区间。最常测量的身体健康结果是肌肉力量、肌肉量和体重指数。认知障碍经常被评估，而评估心理健康的研究较少。
本综述描述了以抗阻训练为基础的项目在患有肌肉减少症的老年人中的情况，突出了这些项目的时长、频率、持续时间和强度，以及最常用的结果测量指标和工具。这些结果可能有助于为未来针对患有肌肉减少症的老年人制定以抗阻训练为基础的项目提供参考。
