Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jul 28;13:913953. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.913953. eCollection 2022.
Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by low muscle mass and high body fat; prevalence increases with age, particularly after age 65 years. For this systematic literature review we searched scientific databases for studies on exercise interventions for improving physical performance in adults with sarcopenic obesity; also, we identified potential gaps in clinical practice guidelines that need to be addressed.
We followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases were searched for studies published through November 2021 that measured physical performance in adults with sarcopenic obesity.
Most of the studies applied a strength training protocol in which improvement was noted post-treatment on the Time Chair Rise (TCR), 30-s Chair Stand, and Single Leg Stance (SLS) tests. Discrepancies between the studies were observed when resistance training was combined with or without elastic bands or electromyostimulation, as measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Physical Performance Test (PPT), Gait Speed, and Timed Up & Go (TUG) test. Post-intervention SPPB, PPT, and gait speed scores showed an increase or maintenance of performance, while TUG test scores were higher according to one study but lower according to another.
Engagement in physical exercise, and resistance training in particular, can improve or maintain physical performance in adults with sarcopenic obesity. Study samples should include more men. A future area of focus should be the impact of different types of training (aerobic, power training, combined modalities). Finally, studies with longer intervention periods and follow-up periods are needed to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of exercise on physical function in adults with sarcopenic obesity.
肌少症性肥胖的特点是肌肉量低和体脂高；随着年龄的增长，尤其是 65 岁以后，其患病率会增加。我们进行了这项系统文献回顾，以检索有关运动干预措施改善肌少症性肥胖成年人身体机能的研究；此外，我们还确定了临床实践指南中需要解决的潜在差距。
我们遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）的建议。检索了截至 2021 年 11 月发表的研究，这些研究测量了肌少症性肥胖成年人的身体机能。
大多数研究采用了力量训练方案，在治疗后，计时起坐（TCR）、30 秒起坐和单腿站立（SLS）测试的表现有所改善。当阻力训练与弹性带或肌电刺激结合或不结合时，研究之间存在差异，这是通过短程体能表现电池（SPPB）、体能测试（PPT）、步态速度和计时起立和行走（TUG）测试来衡量的。干预后 SPPB、PPT 和步态速度评分显示出性能的提高或维持，而根据一项研究，TUG 测试评分较高，但根据另一项研究，TUG 测试评分较低。
参与身体活动，特别是阻力训练，可以改善或维持肌少症性肥胖成年人的身体机能。研究样本应包括更多的男性。未来的关注重点应该是不同类型的训练（有氧运动、力量训练、综合训练）的影响。最后，需要进行干预时间和随访时间更长的研究，以更好地了解运动对肌少症性肥胖成年人身体功能的有效性。
