Programa de Magister en Fisiología Clínica del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580000, Chile.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580000, Chile.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 10;18(6):2812. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062812.
To characterize physical exercise programs for older adults in Latin America.
This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the years 2015 and 2020 was performed in the Scopus, MedLine and SciELO databases.
A total of 101 RCTs were included. A large percentage of the studies had an unclear risk of bias in the items: selection, performance, detection and attribution. Furthermore, a heterogeneous level of compliance was observed in the CERT items. A total sample of 5013 older adults (79% women) was included. 97% of the studies included older adults between 60-70 years, presenting an adherence to the interventions of 86%. The studies were mainly carried out in older adults with cardiometabolic diseases. Only 44% of the studies detailed information regarding the place of intervention; of these studies, 61% developed their interventions in university facilities. The interventions were mainly based on therapeutic physical exercise (89% of the articles), with a duration of 2-6 months (95% of the articles) and a frequency of 2-3 times a week (95% of the articles) with sessions of 30-60 min (94% of the articles) led by sports science professionals (51% of the articles). The components of physical fitness that were exercised the most were muscular strength (77% of the articles) and cardiorespiratory fitness (47% of the articles). Furthermore, only 48% of the studies included a warm-up stage and 34% of the studies included a cool-down stage.
This systematic review characterized the physical exercise programs in older adults in Latin America, as well the most frequently used outcome measures and instruments, by summarizing available evidence derived from RCTs. The results will be useful for prescribing future physical exercise programs in older adults.
描述拉丁美洲老年人的身体锻炼计划。
本综述符合 PRISMA 声明。在 Scopus、MedLine 和 SciELO 数据库中对 2015 年至 2020 年间发表的随机对照试验 (RCT) 进行了检索。
共纳入 101 项 RCT。在选择、执行、检测和归因项目中，大多数研究的偏倚风险不清楚。此外，在 CERT 项目中观察到了不一致的依从性水平。共纳入 5013 名老年人（79%为女性）的样本。97%的研究纳入了 60-70 岁的老年人，对干预措施的依从率为 86%。这些研究主要在患有心脏代谢疾病的老年人中进行。只有 44%的研究详细说明了干预地点；其中 61%的研究在大学设施中开展干预。干预措施主要基于治疗性身体锻炼（89%的文章），持续时间为 2-6 个月（95%的文章），每周 2-3 次（95%的文章），每次 30-60 分钟（94%的文章），由运动科学专业人员指导（51%的文章）。锻炼最多的身体素质包括肌肉力量（77%的文章）和心肺功能（47%的文章）。此外，只有 48%的研究包括热身阶段，34%的研究包括冷却阶段。
本系统综述通过总结 RCT 提供的现有证据，描述了拉丁美洲老年人的身体锻炼计划以及最常使用的结果测量和仪器。结果将有助于为老年人未来的身体锻炼计划提供参考。
