Barjoee Saeed Shojaee, Abadi Saeed Zarei Mahmoud, Elmi Mohammad Reza, Varaoon Vahid Talebi, Nikbakht Mojtaba
Department of Environmental, School of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Environmental, School of Natural Resources, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2021 Mar 11;19(1):753-769. doi: 10.1007/s40201-021-00643-8. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Dust deposited on residential and agricultural lands can have serious consequences for the ecosystem when toxic trace elements are present. This study aimed to assess the ecological risk of the trace elements found in the deposited dust around the Mehdi Abad Pb/Zn mine, Yazd, Iran, using several modified pollution indices. The dust samples were collected by the grid method and a Marble Dust Collector (MDCO) sampler to evaluate the concentration of thirty trace elements: nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), niobium (Nb), tin (Sn), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), Ferrum (Fe), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), tantalum (Ta), terbium (Tb), zirconium (Zr), tellurium (Te), thorium (Th), titanium (Ti), uranium (U), vanadium (V), yttrium (Y), ytterbium (Yb), thulium (Tm), and cobalt (Co). This study employed multivariate statistical techniques, including Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the IDW interpolation technique, as well as modified pollution indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Modified Pollution Index (MPI), Modified Potential Ecological Risk Index (MRI), and Modified Hazard Quotient (HQ). All the statistical data analyses were performed via SPSS Statistics, version 22.00. The HCA results showed that all of these trace elements, except Fe, form a group and had similar behavior. The average levels of all elements in the dust samples except for Cr, S, Sr, Ta, Tb, and Te exceeded the background value. The results confirmed that both anthropogenic activities and natural factors were responsible for the trace elements found in the dust. The average EF value for Pb (43.26) indicated its extremely high enrichment in the study area. The MPI, HQ, and MRI results showed that 33%, 100%, and 33.33% of the dust samples were in the heavily polluted, extreme severity, and high risk categories, respectively. The IDW analysis results revealed that the highest value of the MRI and mHQ indices was in agricultural lands and residential areas; the predominant wind direction also played a role in transferring the elements from the mine to these areas. In general, the results indicated that mining activities increased the ecological risk in Mehdi Abad due to the presence of trace elements, especially Pb.
当存在有毒微量元素时，沉积在住宅和农业用地上的灰尘会对生态系统产生严重影响。本研究旨在通过几种改进的污染指数，评估伊朗亚兹德迈赫迪阿巴德铅锌矿周围沉积灰尘中发现的微量元素的生态风险。通过网格法和大理石集尘器（MDCO）采样器收集灰尘样本，以评估30种微量元素的浓度：镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）、钡（Ba）、铍（Be）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、镝（Dy）、镧（La）、锂（Li）、铌（Nb）、锡（Sn）、钕（Nd）、镨（Pr）、铷（Rb）、铁（Fe）、硫（S）、硒（Se）、锶（Sr）、钽（Ta）、铽（Tb）、锆（Zr）、碲（Te）、钍（Th）、钛（Ti）、铀（U）、钒（V）、钇（Y）、镱（Yb）、铥（Tm）和钴（Co）。本研究采用了多元统计技术，包括层次聚类分析（HCA）和反距离加权（IDW）插值技术，以及改进的污染指数，如富集因子（EF）、修正污染指数（MPI）、修正潜在生态风险指数（MRI）和修正危害商（HQ）。所有统计数据分析均通过SPSS Statistics 22.00版本进行。HCA结果表明，除铁外，所有这些微量元素形成一组，具有相似的行为。除铬、硫、锶、钽、铽和碲外，灰尘样本中所有元素的平均含量均超过背景值。结果证实，人为活动和自然因素均对灰尘中发现的微量元素负有责任。铅的平均EF值（43.26）表明其在研究区域内极度富集。MPI、HQ和MRI结果表明，分别有33%、100%和33.33%的灰尘样本处于重度污染、极端严重和高风险类别。IDW分析结果显示，MRI和mHQ指数的最高值出现在农业用地和居民区；主导风向在将元素从矿山转移到这些区域方面也起到了作用。总体而言，结果表明，由于微量元素尤其是铅的存在，采矿活动增加了迈赫迪阿巴德的生态风险。
