Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2021 Dec;68(8):861-867. doi: 10.1111/zph.12872. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
Cyclosporiasis is a global, emerging disease in humans caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis. The role of animals in the epidemiology of cyclosporiasis is not fully understood. We conducted a narrative review of the published literature on C. cayetanensis in animals. MEDLINE (Web of Science ), Agricola (ProQuest), CABI Global Health (1979 to December 2020) and Food Science and Technology Abstracts (EBSCOhost) (1979 to February 2020) were searched. Studies of C. cayetanensis in or on any species of animal were eligible. Thirteen relevant studies were found. C. cayetanensis was found in wild and farmed Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), wild grooved carpet shell clams (Ruditapes decussatus) and in the faeces of dogs (domestic and street), wild chickens, wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from a wildlife research centre, and Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from an experimental primate research centre. As the small intestines of the naturally exposed animals were not biopsied, existence of a natural animal reservoir of C. cayetanensis could not be confirmed. Animals shedding oocysts in their faeces may be paratenic hosts. Investigators were able to successfully infect the following animals with C. cayetanensis: oysters, Asian freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea), Swiss albino mice and guinea pigs. Future non-laboratory studies of animals should use PCR coupled with DNA sequencing to confirm that the species found is C. cayetanensis. The potential role of animals in the transport of oocysts and contamination of food, water, and soil could be explored through future primary research.
环孢子虫病是一种全球性的、新兴的人类疾病，由环孢子虫引起。动物在环孢子虫病流行病学中的作用尚未完全了解。我们对已发表的关于动物中环孢子虫的文献进行了叙述性综述。检索了 MEDLINE（Web of Science）、Agricola（ProQuest）、CABI 全球健康（1979 年至 2020 年 12 月）和食品科学与技术文摘（EBSCOhost）（1979 年至 2020 年 2 月）。符合条件的研究为任何物种的动物中环孢子虫的研究。共发现 13 项相关研究。在野生和养殖的地中海贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）、野生槽纹帘蛤（Ruditapes decussatus）和狗（家养和流浪）、野生鸡、野生恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）、野生动物研究中心的黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）以及实验灵长类动物研究中心的食蟹猴（Macaca fascicularis）的粪便中发现了环孢子虫。由于未对自然暴露动物的小肠进行活检，因此不能确认环孢子虫是否存在天然动物宿主。在粪便中排出卵囊的动物可能是暂宿宿主。研究人员成功地用环孢子虫感染了以下动物：贻贝、亚洲淡水蛤蜊（Corbicula fluminea）、瑞士白化小鼠和豚鼠。未来对动物的非实验室研究应使用 PCR 结合 DNA 测序来确认发现的物种是否为环孢子虫。未来的初步研究可以探索动物在卵囊运输和食物、水和土壤污染中的潜在作用。
