Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering Immunological Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark.
Future Oncol. 2021 Aug;17(24):3253-3270. doi: 10.2217/fon-2020-1218. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
Immunotherapy is becoming as a major treatment modality for multiple types of solid tumors, including subsets of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The successes with immunotherapy alone has largely been achieved in patients with advanced-stage mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H) CRCs. However, the benefits of immunotherapy have not been demonstrated to be effective in patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) CRC, who are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or have low levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-L). Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the immune microenvironment of CRC tumors and describe the rapid pace of scientific changes. We discuss the tremendous promise of cell-based immunotherapy strategies that are under preclinical studies/clinical trials or being used in therapeutic paradigms.
免疫疗法正成为多种实体肿瘤的主要治疗方式，包括结直肠癌（CRC）的亚组。免疫疗法的成功在很大程度上已经在晚期错配修复缺陷和微卫星高度不稳定（dMMR-MSI-H）CRC 患者中实现。然而，免疫疗法在具有高度错配修复（pMMR）CRC 患者中的有效性尚未得到证实，这些患者的微卫星稳定（MSS）或微卫星不稳定性水平较低（MSI-L）。在这里，我们提供了对 CRC 肿瘤免疫微环境的全面综述，并描述了科学变化的快速步伐。我们讨论了细胞为基础的免疫治疗策略的巨大潜力，这些策略正在进行临床前研究/临床试验或被用于治疗模式。
