美国学生药剂师对药剂师在美沙酮治疗阿片类物质使用障碍中作用的看法：一项定性研究。
U.S. student pharmacist perceptions of the pharmacist's role in methadone for opioid use disorder: A qualitative study.
作者信息
Hohmeier Kenneth C, Cernasev Alina, Sensmeier Megan, Hall Elizabeth, Webb Katie, Barenie Rachel, Cochran Gerald
机构信息
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Pathway Healthcare, Nashville, TN, USA.
出版信息
SAGE Open Med. 2021 Jun 3;9:20503121211022994. doi: 10.1177/20503121211022994. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Of the over 20 million Americans reporting an opioid use disorder, only around 3 million report receiving treatment of any kind. The gold standard for opioid use disorder treatment is medication in combination with psychosocial support, but despite robust evidence supporting treatment, barriers are substantial and include limited insurance coverage, patient beliefs, ease of access, regulatory hurdles, and stigma. Although trained as medication experts, U.S. pharmacists are not routinely involved in opioid use disorder treatment and may represent an underutilized care team member.
OBJECTIVE
To explore U.S. pharmacy students' perspectives on pharmacists as providers of methadone-based medications for opioid use disorder treatment.
METHODS
A qualitative design with focus groups of student pharmacists in a U.S. college of pharmacy in the Southeastern United States.
RESULTS
Over 2 months in 2020, three focus groups were conducted with 15 students in each group participating, and including second-, third-, and fourth-year student pharmacists. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: (1) student pharmacists desire exposure to therapeutic knowledge and lived experiences related to opioid use disorder and methadone treatment, (2) students perceive stigmatizing views held by practicing pharmacists toward opioid use disorder and methadone treatment, (3) pharmacists should play a role in methadone treatment.
CONCLUSION
Student pharmacists desire an active and larger role in the care of patients managing opioid use disorder. Findings indicate these students perceive less stigma toward opioid use disorder than currently practicing pharmacists. Pharmacy curricula should emphasize stories of lived experiences of patients with opioid use disorder, therapeutic knowledge and guidelines related to medications for opioid use disorder, and the regulatory environment surrounding opioid use disorder treatment.
背景
在报告患有阿片类药物使用障碍的2000多万美国人中，只有约300万人报告接受了任何形式的治疗。阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的金标准是药物治疗与心理社会支持相结合，但尽管有强有力的证据支持治疗，但障碍仍然很大，包括保险覆盖范围有限、患者观念、获取便利性、监管障碍和耻辱感。尽管美国药剂师接受过药物专家培训，但他们并不常规参与阿片类药物使用障碍的治疗，可能是未得到充分利用的护理团队成员。
目的
探讨美国药学专业学生对药剂师作为阿片类药物使用障碍治疗中基于美沙酮药物提供者的看法。
方法
采用定性设计，在美国东南部一所药学院对药学专业学生进行焦点小组访谈。
结果
2020年的2个多月里，进行了3次焦点小组访谈，每组有15名学生参与，包括二年级、三年级和四年级的药学专业学生。数据中出现了三个总体主题：（1）药学专业学生希望接触与阿片类药物使用障碍和美沙酮治疗相关的治疗知识和生活经历；（2）学生们察觉到执业药剂师对阿片类药物使用障碍和美沙酮治疗存在污名化观点；（3）药剂师应在美沙酮治疗中发挥作用。
结论
药学专业学生希望在阿片类药物使用障碍患者护理中发挥更积极、更大的作用。研究结果表明，这些学生对阿片类药物使用障碍的污名化认知低于目前的执业药剂师。药学课程应强调阿片类药物使用障碍患者的生活经历故事、与阿片类药物使用障碍药物相关的治疗知识和指南，以及阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的监管环境。
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