Hammer Melanie S, van Donkelaar Aaron, Martin Randall V, McDuffie Erin E, Lyapustin Alexei, Sayer Andrew M, Hsu N Christina, Levy Robert C, Garay Michael J, Kalashnikova Olga V, Kahn Ralph A
Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Sci Adv. 2021 Jun 23;7(26). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7670. Print 2021 Jun.
Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic provide an unprecedented opportunity to examine the effects of human activity on air quality. The effects on fine particulate matter (PM) are of particular interest, as PM is the leading environmental risk factor for mortality globally. We map global PM concentrations for January to April 2020 with a focus on China, Europe, and North America using a combination of satellite data, simulation, and ground-based observations. We examine PM concentrations during lockdown periods in 2020 compared to the same periods in 2018 to 2019. We find changes in population-weighted mean PM concentrations during the lockdowns of -11 to -15 μg/m across China, +1 to -2 μg/m across Europe, and 0 to -2 μg/m across North America. We explain these changes through a combination of meteorology and emission reductions, mostly due to transportation. This work demonstrates regional differences in the sensitivity of PM to emission sources.
新冠疫情期间的封锁措施为研究人类活动对空气质量的影响提供了前所未有的契机。对细颗粒物（PM）的影响尤为令人关注，因为PM是全球死亡的主要环境风险因素。我们结合卫星数据、模拟和地面观测，绘制了2020年1月至4月全球PM浓度图，重点关注中国、欧洲和北美。我们将2020年封锁期间的PM浓度与2018年至2019年同期进行了对比。我们发现，中国在封锁期间人口加权平均PM浓度变化为-11至-15微克/立方米，欧洲为+1至-2微克/立方米，北美为0至-2微克/立方米。我们通过气象因素和排放减少（主要是交通排放减少）的综合作用来解释这些变化。这项研究表明了PM对排放源敏感性的区域差异。
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