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人们根据面部特征对男性和女性的人性化程度有不同的看法。

People attribute humanness to men and women differently based on their facial appearance.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Toronto.

Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University.

出版信息

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2022 Aug;123(2):400-422. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000364. Epub 2021 Jun 24.

Abstract

Recognizing others' humanity is fundamental to how people think about and treat each other. People often ascribe greater humanness to groups that they socially value, but do they also systematically ascribe social value to different individuals? Here, we tested whether people (de)humanize individuals based on social traits inferred from their facial appearance, focusing on attractiveness and intelligence. Across five studies, less attractive and less intelligent-looking individuals seemed less human, but this varied by target gender: Attractiveness better predicted humanness attributions to women whereas perceived intelligence better predicted humanness attributions to men (Study 1). This difference seems to stem from gender stereotypes (preregistered Studies 2 and 3) and even extends to attributions of children's humanness (preregistered Study 4). Moreover, this gender difference leads to biases in moral treatment that confer more value to the lives of attractive women and intelligent-looking men (preregistered Study 5). These data help to explain how interpersonal judgments of individuals interact with intergroup biases to promote gender-based discrimination, providing greater nuance to the mechanisms and outcomes of dehumanization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

摘要

承认他人的人性是人们思考和对待彼此的基础。人们通常会赋予他们在社会上重视的群体更高的人性,但他们是否也会系统地赋予不同个体社会价值?在这里,我们测试了人们是否会根据从面部外观推断出的社会特征将个体去人性化,重点关注吸引力和智力。在五项研究中,吸引力较低和智力较低的个体看起来不那么人性化,但这因目标性别而异:吸引力更好地预测了对女性的人性化归因,而感知智力更好地预测了对男性的人性化归因(研究 1)。这种差异似乎源于性别刻板印象(预先注册的研究 2 和 3),甚至延伸到对儿童人性化的归因(预先注册的研究 4)。此外,这种性别差异导致道德待遇的偏见,赋予有吸引力的女性和智力较高的男性更多的价值(预先注册的研究 5)。这些数据有助于解释个体的人际判断如何与群体间偏见相互作用,以促进基于性别的歧视,为去人性化的机制和结果提供更多的细微差别。(PsycInfo 数据库记录(c)2022 APA,保留所有权利)。

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