Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 24;16(6):e0251859. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251859. eCollection 2021.
Resilience is important for people to maintain mental health after negative life-events. However, its longitudinal psychological and social predictors are poorly revealed. Based on the ecological system theory model, the current study aimed to determine the longitudinal temporal mechanism underlying the development of early-adulthood resilience using long-term (early-life trauma and personality), medium-term and short-term (life-events, social support, and depression) psychosocial predictors. A total of 505 university students were recruited at baseline (T1), 433 of whom took part in a three-year longitudinal investigation (T2). The results showed that at T1 and T2, the resilience scores of individuals were identically high (72.98 and 73.21, respectively). Pearson correlation analysis showed that early-adulthood resilience was negatively correlated with early-life trauma, psychoticism and neuroticism, depression, ad life-events, and positively correlated with extraversion, social-support, and resilience. Regression and structural equation models showed that extraversion had a direct positive effect on T1 resilience through the mediation of T1 life-events, depression, and social-support, while childhood emotional neglect (EN) had indirect negative effect and extraversion had direct positive effect on T2 resilience through the mediation of T1 resilience, and T2 depression and social-support. In conclusion, this study is among the first to reveal the longitudinal temporal process of the development of early-adulthood resilience using remote and adjacent psychosocial predictors. The findings confirm that childhood EN and extraversion have a remote impact on early-adulthood resilience through recent and current depression and social-support. Our results imply that early-life trauma does not hinder the development of early-adulthood resilience in a linear trend.
韧性对于人们在经历负面生活事件后保持心理健康非常重要。然而，其纵向的心理和社会预测因素还不清楚。基于生态系统理论模型，本研究旨在确定使用长期（生命早期创伤和人格）、中期和短期（生活事件、社会支持和抑郁）心理社会预测因素预测早期成年期韧性发展的纵向时间机制。共有 505 名大学生在基线（T1）时被招募，其中 433 名参加了为期三年的纵向研究（T2）。结果表明，在 T1 和 T2，个体的韧性得分相同（分别为 72.98 和 73.21）。皮尔逊相关分析表明，早期成年期韧性与生命早期创伤、精神质和神经质、抑郁、生活事件呈负相关，与外向性、社会支持和韧性呈正相关。回归和结构方程模型表明，外向性通过 T1 生活事件、抑郁和社会支持的中介作用对 T1 韧性产生直接积极影响，而童年情感忽视（EN）通过 T1 韧性、T2 抑郁和社会支持的中介作用对 T2 韧性产生间接负向影响和外向性的直接正向影响。总之，本研究首次使用远程和相邻的心理社会预测因素揭示了早期成年期韧性发展的纵向时间过程。研究结果证实，童年期的 EN 和外向性通过近期和当前的抑郁和社会支持对早期成年期的韧性产生远程影响。我们的研究结果表明，生命早期创伤不会以线性趋势阻碍早期成年期韧性的发展。
