留守经历对儿童期的影响：中国大学生生活事件与抑郁的关系。

The impact of students with left-behind experiences on childhood: The relationship between negative life events and depression among college students in China.

机构信息

1 Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China.

2 Wenzhou Vocational and Technical College, Wenzhou, China.

出版信息

Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;64(1):56-62. doi: 10.1177/0020764017739332. Epub 2017 Nov 16.

DOI:10.1177/0020764017739332

PMID:29145763

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The number of left-behind children in rural China has increased dramatically over the last decade. It is reported that about 21.88% of child population with an estimated number of 61 million are left-behind children whose parents leave them to work in cities. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the impacts of left-behind experience (LBE) on college students' depression and other influencing factors.

AIM

This study discusses the mediation effect of self-esteem together with psychological resilience on college students with depression and negative life events of left-behind. The study also discusses the regulation effect of LBE.

METHODS

A total of 788 college students were selected from three universities in Sichuan and Chongqing (367 with LBEs, 421 without LBEs). Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Resilience Scale of Chinese Adolescent (RSCA) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to measure the negative life events, self-esteem, psychological resilience and depression, respectively. Bootstrap program was used to test the mediation effect, and multiple-group analysis was used to examine the regulation effect for LBE.

RESULTS

Scores of ASLEC for the college students with LBEs were higher than those without LBEs (8.59 ± 3.57) vs (7.06 ± 3.38), p < .001). The scores of LBE, ASLEC and SDS were positively correlated with the college students with LBEs ( r = .21 to .29, p < .01), while the scores of RSCA and SES were negatively correlated ( r = -.30 to -.59, p < .01). The mediation effect of college students' self-esteem and psychological resilience between negative life events and depression was significant (mediating effect = .08, .13, .07; p < .01). Thus, the college students' self-esteem and psychological resilience on negative life events had strong mediation effect on depression. The test of Bootstrap showed that the mediation effect of self-esteem and psychological resilience was significant (95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.04-0.76]). The LBE had regulation effect on college students' self-esteem and psychological resilience. (The constraint model fitting degree of variation is Δχ = 2,120.68, Δ df = 8, p < .001.) The self-esteem and psychological resilience of college students with LBEs can be used to mediate the relation between negative life events and depression, whereas those without LBEs cannot.

CONCLUSION

Self-esteem and psychological resilience fully mediates college students' negative life events and depression, which is regulated by their previous LBEs.

摘要

背景

过去十年间，中国农村留守儿童数量急剧增加。据报道，约有 21.88%的儿童（估计有 6100 万人）属于留守儿童，他们的父母外出到城市打工。我们进行了一项横断面研究，旨在探讨留守儿童经历（LBE）对大学生抑郁和其他影响因素的影响。

目的

本研究探讨了自尊和心理弹性对有抑郁和留守负面生活事件的大学生的中介作用。本研究还探讨了 LBE 的调节作用。

方法

从四川和重庆的三所大学中选取了 788 名大学生（有 367 名留守儿童，421 名非留守儿童）。采用青少年生活事件自评量表（ASLEC）、自尊量表（SES）、中国青少年心理韧性量表（RSCA）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）分别测量负面生活事件、自尊、心理弹性和抑郁。采用 Bootstrap 程序检验中介效应，采用多组分析检验 LBE 的调节效应。

结果

有 LBE 的大学生的 ASLEC 得分高于无 LBE 的大学生（8.59±3.57）vs（7.06±3.38），p<0.001）。LBE、ASLEC 和 SDS 得分与有 LBE 的大学生呈正相关（r=0.21-0.29，p<0.01），而 RSCA 和 SES 得分呈负相关（r=-0.30-0.59，p<0.01）。大学生的自尊和心理弹性在负性生活事件和抑郁之间存在显著的中介效应（中介效应=0.08、0.13、0.07；p<0.01）。因此，大学生的自尊和心理弹性对负性生活事件对抑郁的影响有很强的中介作用。Bootstrap 检验表明，自尊和心理弹性的中介效应显著（95%置信区间（CI）=（0.04-0.76））。LBE 对大学生的自尊和心理弹性有调节作用。（变异性的约束模型拟合度Δχ=2.120.68，Δdf=8，p<0.001）。有 LBE 的大学生的自尊和心理弹性可以用来调节负性生活事件和抑郁之间的关系，而没有 LBE 的大学生则不能。