年龄是年轻人进行或放弃体育锻炼的决定因素。
Age as a determining variable in the practice or abandonment of physical exercise among young people.
机构信息
Department of Health Sciences, University Isabel I, Burgos, Spain.
Department of Didactics of Music, Visual and Body Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 24;16(6):e0253750. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253750. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have reported a gradual decline in the practice of physical exercise with age, confirming high dropout rates in the adolescent period. The aim of this study was to investigate the motivation or barriers that lead to greater or lesser adherence to physical exercise among children and adolescents.
METHODS
In this study, 1,081 individuals volunteered to participate [239 children (age: 10.89 ± .66 years) and 842 adolescents (age: 14.9 ± 1.75 years)]. For this purpose, we used the Self-Report on Motivation for Exercising (AMPEF) and Self-Report on Barriers to Exercising (ABPEF) questionnaires.
RESULTS
The most significant motivational factors in the practice of physical exercise (in both children and adolescents) are competition, social recognition and challenge (t = -16.02, p < .001), prevention and positive health (t = 5.24, p < .001) and affiliation, fun and well-being (t = -19.54, p < .001), while the barriers focus on fatigue and laziness (t = -13.20, p < .001) and body image and physical-social anxiety (t = -5.71, p < .001). It is also observed that adolescents showed significantly higher motivation than children and greater presence of barriers in the practice of physical exercise.
CONCLUSIONS
The age is a determining variable to include in preventive and intervention programs for the practice of physical exercise.
背景
许多研究报告称，随着年龄的增长，人们进行体育锻炼的习惯逐渐减少，这证实了青少年时期的高辍学率。本研究旨在探讨导致儿童和青少年对体育锻炼的坚持程度更高或更低的动机或障碍。
方法
在这项研究中，有 1081 人自愿参与[239 名儿童（年龄：10.89 ±.66 岁）和 842 名青少年（年龄：14.9 ± 1.75 岁）]。为此，我们使用了运动动机自评量表（AMPEF）和运动障碍自评量表（ABPEF）。
结果
在体育锻炼实践中，最重要的激励因素（无论是在儿童还是青少年中）是竞争、社会认可和挑战（t = -16.02，p <.001）、预防和积极健康（t = 5.24，p <.001）以及联系、乐趣和幸福感（t = -19.54，p <.001），而障碍则集中在疲劳和懒惰（t = -13.20，p <.001）以及身体形象和身体社交焦虑（t = -5.71，p <.001）。还观察到，青少年的运动动机明显高于儿童，运动障碍的表现也更为明显。
结论
年龄是纳入体育锻炼预防和干预计划的一个决定性因素。
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