Department of Psychology, Marymount University, USA.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA; Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK; UNICEF, New York, NY, USA.
Infant Behav Dev. 2021 Aug;64:101599. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101599. Epub 2021 Jun 21.
This report extends a previous cross-cultural study of synchrony in mother-infant vocal interactions (Bornstein et al., 2015) to immigrant samples. Immigrant dyads from three cultures of origin (Japan, South Korea, South America) living in the same culture of destination (the United States) were compared to nonmigrant dyads in those same cultures of origin and to nonmigrant European American dyads living in the same culture of destination (the United States). This article highlights an underutilized analysis to assess synchrony in mother-infant interaction and extends cross-cultural research on mother-infant vocal interaction. Timing of onsets and offsets of maternal speech to infants and infant nondistress vocalizations were coded separately from 50-min recorded naturalistic observations of mothers and infants. Odds ratios were computed to analyze synchrony in mother-infant vocal interactions. Synchrony was analyzed in three ways -- contingency of timed event sequences, mean differences in contingency by acculturation level and within dyads, and coordination of responsiveness within dyads. Immigrant mothers were contingently responsive to their infants' vocalizations, but only Korean immigrant infants were contingently responsive to their mothers' vocalizations. For the Japanese and South American comparisons, immigrant mothers were more contingently responsive than their infants (but not robustly so for South American immigrants). For the Korean comparison, mean differences in contingent responsiveness were found among acculturation groups (culture of origin, immigrant, culture of destination), but not between mothers and infants. Immigrant dyads' mean levels of responsiveness did not differ. Immigrant mothers' and infants' levels of responsiveness were coordinated. Strengths and flexibility of the timed event sequential analytic approach to assessing synchrony in mother-infant interactions are discussed, particularly for culturally diverse samples.
本报告扩展了先前对母婴声音互动同步性的跨文化研究（Bornstein 等人，2015 年），将其扩展到移民样本。来自三个原籍文化（日本、韩国、南美洲）的移民对子与同一原籍文化中的非移民对子以及同一目的地文化（美国）中的非移民欧洲裔美国对子进行了比较。本文强调了一种未充分利用的分析方法，用于评估母婴互动中的同步性，并扩展了母婴声音互动的跨文化研究。母亲对婴儿讲话的开始和结束时间以及婴儿非痛苦发声的开始和结束时间是从对母亲和婴儿的 50 分钟自然观察记录中单独编码的。比值比用于分析母婴声音互动中的同步性。同步性通过三种方式进行分析 - 时间事件序列的偶然性、文化适应水平和对子内的偶然性差异以及对子内的响应协调性。移民母亲对婴儿的发声有偶然的反应，但只有韩国移民婴儿对母亲的发声有偶然的反应。对于日本和南美比较，移民母亲比婴儿更偶然地做出反应（但对于南美移民来说并非如此）。对于韩国比较，在文化适应群体（原籍文化、移民、目的地文化）之间发现了偶然反应的差异，但在母亲和婴儿之间没有发现差异。移民对子的反应水平没有差异。移民母亲和婴儿的反应水平是协调的。讨论了评估母婴互动中同步性的时间事件序列分析方法的优势和灵活性，特别是对于文化多样化的样本。
