Groom Quentin, Adriaens Tim, Bertolino Sandro, Phelps Kendra, Poelen Jorrit H, Reeder DeeAnn Marie, Richardson David M, Simmons Nancy B, Upham Nathan
Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium Meise Botanic Garden Meise Belgium.
Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa.
Biodivers Data J. 2021 Jun 15;9:e65371. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e65371. eCollection 2021.
Domestic and captive animals and cultivated plants should be recognised as integral components in contemporary ecosystems. They interact with wild organisms through such mechanisms as hybridization, predation, herbivory, competition and disease transmission and, in many cases, define ecosystem properties. Nevertheless, it is widespread practice for data on domestic, captive and cultivated organisms to be excluded from biodiversity repositories, such as natural history collections. Furthermore, there is a lack of integration of data collected about biodiversity in disciplines, such as agriculture, veterinary science, epidemiology and invasion science. Discipline-specific data are often intentionally excluded from integrative databases in order to maintain the "purity" of data on natural processes. Rather than being beneficial, we argue that this practise of data exclusivity greatly limits the utility of discipline-specific data for applications ranging from agricultural pest management to invasion biology, infectious disease prevention and community ecology. This problem can be resolved by data providers using standards to indicate whether the observed organism is of wild or domestic origin and by integrating their data with other biodiversity data (e.g. in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility). Doing so will enable efforts to integrate the full panorama of biodiversity knowledge across related disciplines to tackle pressing societal questions.
家畜、圈养动物和栽培植物应被视为当代生态系统的组成部分。它们通过杂交、捕食、食草、竞争和疾病传播等机制与野生生物相互作用，并且在许多情况下，决定着生态系统的特性。然而，将家养、圈养和栽培生物的数据排除在生物多样性知识库（如自然历史藏品库）之外却是普遍现象。此外，在农业、兽医学、流行病学和入侵科学等学科中，关于生物多样性所收集的数据缺乏整合。特定学科的数据常常被有意排除在综合数据库之外，以维持自然过程数据的“纯净度”。我们认为，这种数据排他性做法非但有益，反而极大地限制了特定学科数据在从农业害虫管理到入侵生物学、传染病预防和群落生态学等应用中的效用。数据提供者可通过使用标准来表明所观察到的生物是野生还是家养来源，并将其数据与其他生物多样性数据（如全球生物多样性信息机构中的数据）整合，从而解决这一问题。这样做将有助于整合相关学科中生物多样性知识的全貌，以应对紧迫的社会问题。
