Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
Dirección de Atención Primaria, Departamento de Salud Clínico-Malvarrosa, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Nov;27(11):1672-1677. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.06.013. Epub 2021 Jun 24.
The immunogenicity of the Comirnaty® vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been adequately studied in elderly people with comorbidities. We assessed antibody and T-cell responses targeted to the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following full vaccination in nursing-home residents.
Sixty nursing-home residents (44 female, age 53-100 years), of whom ten had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 18 healthy controls (15 female, age 27-54 years) were recruited. Pre- and post-vaccination blood specimens were available for quantification of total antibodies binding the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and for enumeration of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IFN-γ CD4 and CD8 T cells by flow cytometry.
The seroconversion rate in (presumably) SARS-CoV-2-naïve nursing-home residents (41/43, 95.3%) was similar to that in controls (17/18, 94.4%). A booster effect was documented in post-vaccination samples of nursing-home residents with prior COVID-19. Plasma antibody levels were higher (p < 0.01) in recovered nursing-home residents (all 2500 IU/mL) than in individuals across the other two groups (median 1120 IU/mL in naïve nursing-home residents and 2211 IU/ml in controls). A large percentage of nursing-home residents had SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IFN-γ CD8 (naïve 31/49, 63.2%; recovered 8/10, 80%) or CD4 T cells (naïve 35/49, 71.4%; recovered 7/10, 70%) at baseline, in contrast to healthy controls (3/17, 17.6% and 5/17, 29%, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses were documented in 88% (15/17) and all control subjects after vaccination, respectively, but only in 65.5% (38/58) and 22.4% (13/58) of nursing-home residents. Overall, the median frequency of SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ CD8 and CD4 T cells in nursing-home residents decreased in post-vaccination specimens, whereas it increased in controls.
The Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine elicits robust SARS-CoV-2 S antibody responses in nursing-home residents. Nevertheless, the rate and frequency of detectable SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ T-cell responses after vaccination was lower in nursing-home residents than in controls.
尚未充分研究 Comirnaty®疫苗对患有合并症的老年人群预防 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的免疫原性。我们评估了在养老院居民中接种完整疫苗后针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）S 蛋白的抗体和 T 细胞反应。
招募了 60 名养老院居民（44 名女性，年龄 53-100 岁），其中 10 名之前被诊断为 COVID-19，以及 18 名健康对照者（15 名女性，年龄 27-54 岁）。采集接种前后的血样，以定量检测 SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白结合的总抗体，并通过流式细胞术计数 SARS-CoV-2 S 反应性 IFN-γ CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞。
（假定）SARS-CoV-2 初治养老院居民的血清转化率（41/43，95.3%）与对照组（17/18，94.4%）相似。有 COVID-19 既往史的养老院居民在接种后样本中出现了增强效应。与其他两组相比，康复养老院居民的血浆抗体水平更高（p<0.01）（所有 2500 IU/mL），而非初治养老院居民（中位数 1120 IU/mL）和对照组（中位数 2211 IU/ml）。与健康对照组（3/17，17.6%和 5/17，29%）相比，大量养老院居民在基线时具有 SARS-CoV-2 S 反应性 IFN-γ CD8（初治 31/49，63.2%；康复 8/10，80%）或 CD4 T 细胞（初治 35/49，71.4%；康复 7/10，70%）。接种后，分别有 88%（15/17）和所有对照者均检测到 SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ CD8 和 CD4 T 细胞反应，但仅有 65.5%（38/58）和 22.4%（13/58）的养老院居民检测到。总体而言，与对照组相比，接种后养老院居民 SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ CD8 和 CD4 T 细胞的中位数频率降低。
Comirnaty COVID-19 疫苗可在养老院居民中引发强烈的 SARS-CoV-2 S 抗体反应。然而，接种疫苗后可检测到的 SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ T 细胞反应的速率和频率在养老院居民中低于对照组。
