Kai Zhen-Peng, Qiu Yanwei, Zhang Xue-Wei, Chen Shan-Shan
Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China.
PeerJ. 2021 Jun 16;9:e11620. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11620. eCollection 2021.
Due to the contamination and biological toxicity of some fragrance compounds, the environmental and ecological problems of such compounds have attracted more and more attention. However, studies of the toxicity of fragrance compounds for insects have been limited. The toxicity of 48 fragrance compounds for the silkworm were investigated in this study. All of the fragrance compounds examined had no acute toxicity for . larvae, but eight of them (menthol, maltol, musk xylene, musk tibeten, dibutyl sulfide, nerolidol, ethyl vanillin, and -amylcinnamaldehyde) exhibited chronic and lethal toxicity with LC values from 20 to 120 µM. In a long-term feeding study, musk tibeten, nerolidol, and musk xylene showed significant growth regulatory activity. They were also extremely harmful to the cocooning of . , resulting in small, thin, and loose cocoons. Two important insect hormones, namely, juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E), were quantified in hemolymph following chronic exposure to musk tibeten, nerolidol, and musk xylene, respectively. Musk tibeten significantly increased JH titer and decreased the 20-E titer in hemolymph, and musk xylene had a significant inhibitory effect on JH titer and increased 20-E titer. Although nerolidol had no effect on hormone levels, exogenous JH mimic nerolidol increased the physiological effects of JH and significantly slowed the growth rate of . larvae. The results showed that these fragrance compounds could interfere with the insect endocrine system, leading to death and abnormal growth. The risk to insects of residual fragrance compounds in the environment is worthy of attention.
由于某些香料化合物的污染性和生物毒性，此类化合物的环境和生态问题已引起越来越多的关注。然而，关于香料化合物对昆虫毒性的研究一直有限。本研究调查了48种香料化合物对家蚕的毒性。所有检测的香料化合物对家蚕幼虫均无急性毒性，但其中8种（薄荷醇、麦芽酚、二甲苯麝香、西藏麝香、二丁基硫醚、橙花叔醇、乙基香兰素和α-戊基肉桂醛）表现出慢性致死毒性，LC值在20至120μM之间。在一项长期喂养研究中，西藏麝香、橙花叔醇和二甲苯麝香表现出显著的生长调节活性。它们对家蚕结茧也极其有害，导致茧小、薄且松散。分别在长期暴露于西藏麝香、橙花叔醇和二甲苯麝香后，对家蚕血淋巴中的两种重要昆虫激素，即保幼激素（JH）和20-羟基蜕皮激素（20-E）进行了定量分析。西藏麝香显著提高了血淋巴中JH的滴度并降低了20-E的滴度，而二甲苯麝香对JH滴度有显著抑制作用并提高了20-E的滴度。尽管橙花叔醇对激素水平没有影响，但外源性JH类似物橙花叔醇增强了JH的生理效应并显著减缓了家蚕幼虫的生长速度。结果表明，这些香料化合物可能干扰昆虫内分泌系统，导致死亡和生长异常。环境中残留香料化合物对昆虫的风险值得关注。
