Maliyakkal Abdul Majeed, A Elhadd Tarik A, Naushad Vamanjore A, Shaath Nabeel M, Farfar Khalifa L, Ahmed Mustafa S, Basheer Sahiba M
Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.
Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, QAT.
Cureus. 2021 May 25;13(5):e15241. doi: 10.7759/cureus.15241.
Carbimazole is a commonly used antithyroid drug in thyrotoxicosis. It is generally well tolerated, and its side effects include allergic skin reactions, gastrointestinal upset, agranulocytosis, and hepatotoxicity. Hepatitis is a rare but serious side effect. Here we report a case of carbimazole-induced hepatitis with severe cholestasis that was managed by switching to propylthiouracil. Most of the literature recommends radioiodine or surgery as the definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism in thionamide-induced hepatitis rather than switching to other thionamide. However, substitution of one thionamide for another can be tried as we did in this case, without any increased risk of hepatotoxicity as the mechanism of liver injury differs in both groups. A previously healthy 30-year-old lady who was diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis one month earlier that was treated with carbimazole 60 mg daily was admitted to the medical ward with yellowish discoloration of sclera, urine, and pruritus of one-week duration. Systemic examination was unremarkable except for icterus. Investigation showed hyperbilirubinemia and elevated liver enzymes. A probable diagnosis of carbimazole-induced cholestatic hepatitis was made and the drug was discontinued. Other causes of hepatitis and cholestasis were excluded. Attempts to arrange radioiodine or treat the patient surgically were not successful. She was continued on propranolol and later started on steroids and propylthiouracil. The patient's liver function tests (LFTs) started improving gradually. On follow-up, LFTs normalized at four weeks and thyroid function tests (TFTs) showed signs of improvement. The patient was followed up for six months after discharge and was doing well clinically on follow-up; her repeat TFT and LFT were completely normal. Carbimazole-induced hepatitis is exceedingly rare; however, it should be considered in patients with jaundice and thyrotoxicosis. Despite reports of cross-reactivity of the two available antithyroid drugs, switching from carbimazole to propylthiouracil and steroid therapy may be an option if other options of definitive therapy could not be arranged or are contraindicated.
卡比马唑是甲状腺毒症中常用的抗甲状腺药物。它一般耐受性良好,其副作用包括皮肤过敏反应、胃肠道不适、粒细胞缺乏症和肝毒性。肝炎是一种罕见但严重的副作用。在此,我们报告一例卡比马唑诱发的伴有严重胆汁淤积的肝炎病例,该病例通过换用丙硫氧嘧啶进行治疗。大多数文献推荐放射性碘或手术作为硫代酰胺类药物诱发肝炎的甲状腺功能亢进症的确定性治疗方法,而非换用其他硫代酰胺类药物。然而,正如我们在此病例中所做的那样,可以尝试用一种硫代酰胺类药物替代另一种,因为两组肝损伤机制不同,所以不会增加肝毒性风险。一名此前健康的30岁女性,一个月前被诊断为甲状腺毒症,每日服用60毫克卡比马唑进行治疗,因巩膜、尿液发黄以及瘙痒持续一周入住内科病房。全身检查除黄疸外无异常。检查显示高胆红素血症和肝酶升高。初步诊断为卡比马唑诱发的胆汁淤积性肝炎,停用该药。排除了肝炎和胆汁淤积的其他病因。安排放射性碘治疗或手术治疗患者均未成功。她继续服用普萘洛尔,随后开始使用类固醇和丙硫氧嘧啶。患者的肝功能检查(LFTs)开始逐渐改善。随访时,四周时肝功能检查恢复正常,甲状腺功能检查(TFTs)显示有改善迹象。患者出院后随访六个月,临床随访情况良好;其复查的甲状腺功能检查和肝功能检查完全正常。卡比马唑诱发的肝炎极为罕见;然而,对于黄疸和甲状腺毒症患者应考虑到这种情况。尽管有报道称两种可用的抗甲状腺药物存在交叉反应,但如果无法安排或存在禁忌证而无法采用其他确定性治疗方案,从卡比马唑换用丙硫氧嘧啶并进行类固醇治疗可能是一种选择。