The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North 4157, New Zealand.
The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
J Econ Entomol. 2021 Oct 13;114(5):1917-1926. doi: 10.1093/jee/toab052.
New Zealand apple exports must meet strict phytosanitary measures to eliminate codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larval infestation. This study was part of a program attempting the localized eradication of codling moth within an isolated cluster of seven orchards (391 ha). A conventional management program of insecticide sprays and pheromone mating disruption was supplemented with weekly releases of sterile moths for 1-6 yr. Our objective was to compare the recapture rate of sterile moths following their release by four methods, and the efficiency of each system. The methods were the following: a fixed-wing unmanned plane flying ~40-45 m high at 70 km/h, an unmanned hexacopter travelling 20 m high at 25 km/h, and manually from the ground via bicycles or motor vehicles. The different release methods were used in different years or weeks. Sterile male moths were recaptured in grids of pheromone traps positioned throughout each orchard. The highest recapture rate followed delivery by hexacopter, then bicycle, vehicle, and plane. There was a 17-fold difference in catches between releases by hexacopter and plane, and sixfold between vehicle and plane in the same season. Bicycle delivery had a 3.5-fold higher recapture rate than the plane in different years. The wind-borne horizontal drift of moths was investigated as a possible explanation for the disparity of recaptures between the two aircraft delivery systems. The methods in ascending order of time per hectare for delivery were the following: plane and vehicle, hexacopter, then bicycle. The advantages and disadvantages of each moth delivery method are discussed.
新西兰苹果出口必须符合严格的植物卫生措施，以消除苹果蠹蛾（Cydia pomonella Linnaeus）（鳞翅目：卷蛾科）幼虫的侵染。本研究是试图在一个由七个果园（391 公顷）组成的孤立集群内局部根除苹果蠹蛾计划的一部分。常规的杀虫剂喷雾和性信息素交配干扰管理方案辅以每周释放无菌雄蛾 1-6 年。我们的目标是比较四种释放方法释放后的无菌雄蛾的回收率，以及每个系统的效率。这些方法如下：固定翼无人机以 70 公里/小时的速度在 40-45 米的高空飞行，无人六旋翼直升机以 25 公里/小时的速度在 20 米的高空飞行，以及手动通过自行车或机动车从地面释放。不同的释放方法在不同的年份或周使用。无菌雄蛾在每个果园内放置的性信息素诱捕器网格中被重新捕获。回收率最高的是使用六旋翼直升机，其次是自行车、机动车和飞机。六旋翼直升机和飞机之间的捕获量相差 17 倍，同一季节机动车和飞机之间的捕获量相差 6 倍。在不同年份，自行车释放的回收率比飞机高 3.5 倍。作为两种飞机投放系统回收差异的可能解释，对雄蛾的风载水平漂移进行了调查。按单位时间投放每公顷面积的顺序，投放方法依次为：飞机和机动车、六旋翼直升机、自行车。讨论了每种雄蛾投放方法的优缺点。
