Knight A L
Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2007 Feb;36(1):157-64. doi: 10.1603/0046-225x(2007)36[157:mmomaf]2.0.co;2.
Studies were conducted with codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., to evaluate the mating status of male and female moths in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen), orchards treated with and without sex pheromone dispensers. Laboratory studies first examined the effect of multiple mating of male and female moths on female fecundity and egg fertility. Females that had mated three times had a significantly higher fecundity than singly mated moths. Sequential mating by male moths had no effect on the fecundity of female moths or egg fertility. However, male moth age did impact female fecundity, with significantly fewer eggs laid after mating with virgin 1- versus 3-d-old males. The mean size of the first spermatophore transferred by males was significantly larger than all subsequent spermatophores. Classifying spermatophores based on size was used in field sampling to categorize the mating status of the female's partner. The proportion of mated females with small spermatophores (partner had previously mated) was significantly higher in treated versus untreated orchards. The proportion of female moths caught in traps baited with pear ester that were virgin was low (<or=0.26) in both treated and untreated orchards. The proportion of females with more than one spermatophore was low (<or=0.06) in treated orchards all season and during first moth flight in untreated orchards (0.11). Nearly one third of female moths, however, had more than a single spermatophore in untreated orchards during the second moth flight. The potential impacts of multiple mating and delayed mating by male and female codling moth on the effectiveness of sex pheromones are discussed.
针对苹果蠹蛾（Cydia pomonella L.）开展了多项研究，以评估在配备和未配备性信息素诱芯的苹果（Malus domestica (Borkhausen)）果园中，雄蛾和雌蛾的交配状态。实验室研究首先考察了雄蛾和雌蛾多次交配对雌蛾繁殖力和卵孵化率的影响。交配三次的雌蛾繁殖力显著高于单次交配的雌蛾。雄蛾连续交配对雌蛾繁殖力或卵孵化率没有影响。然而，雄蛾年龄确实会影响雌蛾繁殖力，与1日龄和3日龄的处男雄蛾交配后，产卵量显著减少。雄蛾首次传递的精包平均大小显著大于其后的所有精包。在田间采样中，根据精包大小对其进行分类，以确定雌蛾配偶的交配状态。在使用性信息素诱芯处理过的果园与未处理的果园中，带有小精包（配偶曾交配过）的已交配雌蛾比例显著更高。在使用性信息素诱芯处理过的果园与未处理的果园中，用梨酯诱捕到的处女雌蛾比例都很低（≤0.26）。在使用性信息素诱芯处理过的果园中，整个季节以及在未处理果园中第一代蛾飞行期间，具有不止一个精包的雌蛾比例很低（≤0.06）（未处理果园中为0.11）。然而，在未处理果园中，近三分之一的雌蛾在第二代蛾飞行期间具有不止一个精包。文中讨论了苹果蠹蛾雌雄蛾多次交配和延迟交配对性信息素有效性的潜在影响。
