Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI), Bolívar 1559 (1686), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 28;11(1):13377. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92565-6.
When two or more parasitoid species, particularly candidates for biocontrol, share the same target in the same temporal window, a complex of behaviors can occur among them. We studied the type of interactions (competition and intraguild predation) that existed between the nymphal parasitoids Anagyrus cachamai and A. lapachosus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two candidate neoclassical biocontrol agents against the Puerto Rican cactus pest mealybug, Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). The surrogate native congener host in Argentina, the cactus mealybug Hypogeococcus sp., was studied to predict which species should be released; in the case that both should be released, in which order, and their potential impact on host suppression. In the laboratory we conducted experiments where different densities of the host mealybug were exposed to naive females of A. cachamai and A. lapachosus sequentially in both directions. Experiments were analyzed by combining a series of competitive behavioral and functional response models. A fully Bayesian approach was used to select the best explaining models and calculate their parameters. Intraguild predation existed between A. cachamai, the species that had the greatest ability to exploit the resource, and A. lapachosus, the strongest species in the interference competition. The role that intraguild predation played in suppression of Hypogeococcus sp. indicated that a multiple release strategy for the two biocontrol agents would produce better control than a single release; as for the release order, A. lapachosus should be released first.
当两种或更多种寄生蜂，特别是那些候选生物防治剂，在同一时间窗口内共享同一目标时，它们之间可能会发生一系列行为。我们研究了两种幼期寄生蜂——Anagyrus cachamai 和 A. lapachosus（膜翅目：小蜂科）之间存在的相互作用类型（竞争和种内捕食），这两种寄生蜂都是针对波多黎各仙人掌害虫粉蚧 Hypogeococcus sp.（半翅目：粉蚧科）的新经典生物防治候选剂。在阿根廷，我们以替代本地同属宿主仙人掌粉蚧 Hypogeococcus sp. 为研究对象，以预测应该释放哪种物种；如果两种都要释放，应按什么顺序释放，以及它们对宿主抑制的潜在影响。在实验室中，我们进行了一系列实验，将不同密度的宿主粉蚧暴露给 A. cachamai 和 A. lapachosus 的未成熟雌性，以两种方向依次进行。通过结合一系列竞争行为和功能反应模型来分析实验结果。我们使用完全贝叶斯方法来选择最佳解释模型并计算其参数。在 A. cachamai 和 A. lapachosus 之间存在种内捕食现象，A. cachamai 是最具资源利用能力的物种，而 A. lapachosus 则是干扰竞争中最强的物种。种内捕食在抑制 Hypogeococcus sp. 方面的作用表明，与单一释放相比，两种生物防治剂的多次释放策略将产生更好的控制效果；至于释放顺序，应先释放 A. lapachosus。
