Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
J Med Microbiol. 2021 Jun;70(6). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001383.
The nonpolar lipids present in cells are mainly triacylglycerols and steryl esters. When cells are provided with an abundance of nutrients, these storage lipids accumulate. As large quantities of nonpolar lipids cannot be integrated into membranes, they are isolated from the cytosolic environment in lipid droplets. As specialized, inducible cytoplasmic organelles, lipid droplets have functions beyond the regulation of lipid metabolism, in cell signalling and activation, membrane trafficking and control of inflammatory mediator synthesis and secretion. Pathogens, including fungi, viruses, parasites, or intracellular bacteria can induce and may benefit from lipid droplets in infected cells. Here we review biogenesis of lipid droplets as well as the role of lipid droplets in the pathogenesis of selected viruses, bacteria, protists and yeasts.
细胞中存在的非极性脂质主要是三酰基甘油和甾醇酯。当细胞提供丰富的营养时，这些储存脂质会积累。由于大量的非极性脂质不能整合到膜中，它们会在脂滴中与胞质环境隔离。作为专门的、诱导性的细胞质细胞器，脂滴的功能不仅限于调节脂质代谢，还包括细胞信号转导和激活、膜运输以及控制炎症介质的合成和分泌。病原体，包括真菌、病毒、寄生虫或细胞内细菌，可诱导并可能受益于感染细胞中的脂滴。在这里，我们综述了脂滴的生物发生以及脂滴在选定病毒、细菌、原生动物和酵母发病机制中的作用。
