Department of Chemical Engineering University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Sep;170:112677. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112677. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
The excessive use of plastic in our society is causing a massive accumulation, since it is a non-biodegradable product and with still poor recycling rates. This effect can be observed in the seas, which more and more plastic waste are accumulating. The present work is a critical review, based on all currently available literature, that reports environmental status of marine plastic pollution, especially microplastic pollution, in Spain. The three Spanish water areas with the highest presence of plastics are the Alboran Sea, the Gulf of Alicante and the vicinity of Barcelona probably related to fishing and industrial activities and high population densities. With regard to microplastic contamination on beaches in Spain, annual monitoring by the Spanish government shows contamination along the entire coast of the country, with particularly high concentrations in the Canary Islands (between 800 and 8800 particles/m in spring). Between 40 and 50% of the particles analyzed were pellets and the main factors postulated for the distribution of these particles are marine currents and the geomorphological characteristics. With regards to biota, ingestion of microplastics by fish has been intensely confirmed and, important differences were observed between the locations of the sampling, being bogues (Boops boops) one of the fish species more studied in Spain. Finally, the work includes a revision of European and Spanish legislation about plastics and marine pollution and some strategies to reduce this kind of contamination in Spain.
在我们的社会中，塑料的过度使用导致了大量的积累，因为它是一种不可生物降解的产品，而且回收利用率仍然很低。这种影响在海洋中可以观察到，海洋中积累了越来越多的塑料废物。本工作是一项基于所有现有文献的批判性综述，报告了西班牙海洋塑料污染，特别是微塑料污染的环境状况。西班牙三个塑料污染最严重的水域是阿尔沃兰海、阿利坎特湾和巴塞罗那附近，这可能与渔业和工业活动以及高人口密度有关。关于西班牙海滩上的微塑料污染，西班牙政府的年度监测显示，该国整个海岸都受到污染，特别是在加那利群岛（春季每平方米有 800 到 8800 个颗粒）污染浓度特别高。分析的颗粒中，有 40%到 50%是小球体，这些颗粒分布的主要因素是海洋流和地貌特征。关于生物群，鱼类摄入微塑料的情况已得到充分证实，并且在采样地点之间观察到了重要的差异，鲷鱼（Boops boops）是西班牙研究最多的鱼类之一。最后，这项工作还包括对欧洲和西班牙关于塑料和海洋污染的法规的审查，以及一些在西班牙减少这种污染的策略。
