Tareke Amare Abera, Zerfu Taddese Alemu
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Nutr Metab Insights. 2021 Jun 15;14:11786388211025342. doi: 10.1177/11786388211025342. eCollection 2021.
Iodine deficiency causes various health problems such as mental defects, goiter, reproductive damage, hypo and hyperthyroidism, stillbirth, abortion, congenital abnormalities, cretinism, mental retardation, muscle anomalies, and reduced work output. Although the adverse effects on health and socio-economic development are well known, they persisted as a public health problem worldwide. Salt iodization is recommended as a simple cost-effective method to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. This study aimed to determine the magnitude, trends, and determinants of iodized salt availability in the household in Ethiopia.
The current study used the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2000 to 2016 with a total of 57 939 households. Descriptive statistics were performed on selected background characteristics to provide an overall picture of the sample after considering sample weights. To ensure the representativeness of the sample we applied a complex sample design considering household weights, primary sampling units, and the strata associated with it. The Cochran-Armitage test was performed to assess the trend of iodized salt availability in the household. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between the dependent variable and independent variables. A significance level of .05 was chosen for all analyses.
The magnitude of iodized salt availability in the household was 28.45% in 2000, 54.34% in 2005, 15.42% in 2011, and 89.28% in 2016. Iodized salt availability increased from 28.45% [95% CI: 27.69-29.21] in 2000 to 89.28% [95% CI: 88.79-89.75] in 2016. Despite the decline from 2005 to 2011 in the percentage of households with iodized salt, overall, there was a significant increment from 2000 to 2016 in Ethiopia (-value <.001). There were differences in the status of salt iodization in the administrative region, wealth, family size, and ownership of radio or television.
Remarkable progress has been made in Ethiopia regarding iodized salt availability in recent years. Besides the current efforts to achieve universal salt iodization, future interventions should prioritize specific groups like those with lower socioeconomic status and geographic areas with lower availability of iodized salt in the household.
碘缺乏会引发各种健康问题，如智力缺陷、甲状腺肿、生殖损害、甲状腺功能减退和亢进、死产、流产、先天性异常、克汀病、智力发育迟缓、肌肉异常以及工作产出下降。尽管碘缺乏对健康和社会经济发展的不利影响众所周知，但它在全球范围内仍是一个公共卫生问题。推荐食盐加碘作为预防碘缺乏症的一种简单且具成本效益的方法。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚家庭中碘盐供应的规模、趋势及其决定因素。
本研究使用了2000年至2016年进行的埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查，共涉及57939户家庭。对选定的背景特征进行描述性统计，在考虑样本权重后呈现样本的总体情况。为确保样本的代表性，我们采用了复杂抽样设计，考虑家庭权重、初级抽样单位及其相关分层。进行 Cochr an - Armitage检验以评估家庭中碘盐供应的趋势。使用多变量逻辑回归确定因变量与自变量之间的关联。所有分析均选择0.05的显著性水平。
2000年家庭碘盐供应率为28.45%，2005年为54.34%，2011年为15.42%，2016年为89.28%。家庭碘盐供应率从2000年的28.45%[95%置信区间：27.69 - 29.21]增至2016年的89.28%[95%置信区间：88.79 - 89.75]。尽管2005年至2011年碘盐家庭比例有所下降，但总体而言，埃塞俄比亚2000年至2016年有显著增长（P值 <.001）。行政区、财富、家庭规模以及收音机或电视机拥有情况在碘盐加碘状况方面存在差异。
近年来埃塞俄比亚在家庭碘盐供应方面取得了显著进展。除了当前为实现全民食盐加碘所做的努力外，未来的干预措施应优先关注社会经济地位较低的特定群体以及家庭碘盐供应率较低的地理区域。
