Villagomez Gemma N, Nürnberger Fabian, Requier Fabrice, Schiele Susanne, Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf
Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany.
CNRS IRD UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France.
Ecol Evol. 2021 May 7;11(12):7834-7849. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7616. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Temperature and photoperiod are important Zeitgebers for plants and pollinators to synchronize growth and reproduction with suitable environmental conditions and their mutualistic interaction partners. Global warming can disturb this temporal synchronization since interacting species may respond differently to new combinations of photoperiod and temperature under future climates, but experimental studies on the potential phenological responses of plants and pollinators are lacking. We simulated current and future combinations of temperature and photoperiod to assess effects on the overwintering and spring phenology of an early flowering plant species () and the Western honey bee (). We could show that increased mean temperatures in winter and early spring advanced the flowering phenology of and intensified brood rearing activity of but did not advance their brood rearing activity. Flowering phenology of also relied on photoperiod, while brood rearing activity of did not. The results confirm that increases in temperature can induce changes in phenological responses and suggest that photoperiod can also play a critical role in these responses, with currently unknown consequences for real-world ecosystems in a warming climate.
温度和光周期是植物和传粉者的重要授时因子，可使它们的生长和繁殖与适宜的环境条件及其互利共生的伙伴同步。全球变暖可能会扰乱这种时间同步，因为在未来气候条件下，相互作用的物种对光周期和温度的新组合可能会有不同的反应，但目前缺乏关于植物和传粉者潜在物候反应的实验研究。我们模拟了当前和未来温度与光周期的组合，以评估其对一种早花植物物种（）和西方蜜蜂（）越冬及春季物候的影响。我们发现，冬季和早春平均温度的升高提前了该植物物种的开花物候，并增强了西方蜜蜂的育雏活动，但并没有提前其育雏活动的时间。该植物物种的开花物候也依赖于光周期，而西方蜜蜂的育雏活动则不然。结果证实，温度升高可导致物候反应发生变化，并表明光周期在这些反应中也可能发挥关键作用，在气候变暖的现实世界生态系统中，其后果目前尚不清楚。
