Hutchinson Noah T, Steelman Andrew, Woods Jeffrey A
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Sports Med Health Sci. 2020 Sep 10;2(3):115-125. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.09.001. eCollection 2020 Sep.
The single stranded RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a massive addition to the already leading global cause of mortality, viral respiratory tract infections. Characterized by and associated with early and deleteriously enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by respiratory epithelial cells, severe COVID-19 illness has the potential to inflict acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Due to the fast spreading nature of COVID-19 and the current lack of a vaccine or specific pharmaceutical treatments, understanding of viral pathogenesis, behavioral prophylaxis, and mitigation tactics are of great public health concern. This review article outlines the immune response to viral pathogens, and due to the novelty of COVID-19 and the large body of evidence suggesting the respiratory and immune benefits from regular moderate intensity exercise, provides observational and mechanistic evidence from research on other viral infections that suggests strategically planned exercise regimens may help reduce susceptibility to infection, while also mitigating severe immune responses to infection commonly associated with poor COVID-19 prognosis. We propose that regular moderate intensity exercise should be considered as part of a combinatorial approach including widespread hygiene initiatives, properly planned and well-executed social distancing policies, and use of efficacious facial coverings like N95 respirators. Studies discerning COVID-19 pathogenesis mechanisms, transfer dynamics, and individual responses to pharmaceutical and adjunct treatments are needed to reduce viral transmission and bring an end to the COVID-19 pandemic.
单链RNA病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）已使全球主要死因——病毒性呼吸道感染进一步大幅增加。严重的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）以呼吸道上皮细胞促炎细胞因子早期且有害地过度产生为特征并与之相关，有可能导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征甚至死亡。由于COVID-19传播迅速且目前缺乏疫苗或特效药物治疗，了解病毒发病机制、行为预防措施和缓解策略成为重大公共卫生问题。这篇综述文章概述了对病毒病原体的免疫反应，鉴于COVID-19的新颖性以及大量证据表明定期进行中等强度运动对呼吸和免疫有益，文章提供了来自其他病毒感染研究的观察性和机制性证据，表明精心规划的运动方案可能有助于降低感染易感性，同时减轻通常与COVID-19不良预后相关的对感染的严重免疫反应。我们建议，应将定期进行中等强度运动视为综合方法的一部分，该方法包括广泛的卫生倡议、妥善规划和有效实施的社交距离政策以及使用如N95口罩等有效的面部遮盖物。需要开展研究以识别COVID-19发病机制、传播动态以及个体对药物和辅助治疗的反应，从而减少病毒传播并终结COVID-19大流行。
