Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State (UFS), Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Matern Child Nutr. 2022 Jan;18(1):e13236. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13236. Epub 2021 Jun 30.
Adequate intake of iodine is important during pregnancy because of its essential role in foetal growth and neurodevelopment. Data on iodine status of South African pregnant women are scarce, and the salt reduction policy implemented in 2016 may decrease iodine intake of South Africans. This cross-sectional study assessed the iodine status of pregnant women residing in urban Johannesburg, South Africa. A total of 250 pregnant women were enrolled into the 'Nutrition during Pregnancy and Early Development' (NuPED) study and 312 pregnant women into the 'Assessment of dried blood spot thyroglobulin in pregnant women to redefine the range of median urinary iodine concentration that indicates adequate iodine intake, South Africa' (STRIPE-SA) study and were included in this analysis. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was analysed in a spot urine sample. Thyroglobulin (Tg) was measured in serum, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (tT4) were measured in dried blood spots. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] UIC of pregnant women was 144 (84-234) μg/L. Women in the first (n = 99), second (n = 262) and third (n = 174) trimester had a median UIC of 133 (81-316), 145 (84-236) and 156 (89-245) μg/L, respectively (p = 0.419). Median TSH, tT4 and Tg were 2.7 (2.3-3.2) mU/L, 202 (163-236) nmol/L and 9.2 (5.4-17.9) μg/L, respectively. Based on the median UIC, pregnant women residing in urban Johannesburg may be borderline iodine deficient. These findings highlight the need for ongoing monitoring of iodine status among vulnerable pregnant women, especially considering the recently introduced salt reduction policy in South Africa.
怀孕期间碘的摄入量很重要，因为它对胎儿的生长和神经发育起着至关重要的作用。南非孕妇的碘状况数据稀缺，2016 年实施的减盐政策可能会降低南非人的碘摄入量。本横断面研究评估了居住在南非约翰内斯堡市区的孕妇的碘状况。共有 250 名孕妇纳入了“妊娠和早期发育期间的营养”（NuPED）研究，312 名孕妇纳入了“评估孕妇干血斑甲状腺球蛋白以重新定义表明碘摄入充足的中位数尿碘浓度范围，南非”（STRIPE-SA）研究，并纳入了本分析。尿碘浓度（UIC）在一份随机尿样中进行分析。甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）在血清中进行测量，促甲状腺激素（TSH）和总甲状腺素（tT4）在干血斑中进行测量。孕妇的 UIC 中位数[四分位距（IQR）]为 144（84-234）μg/L。处于第一（n=99）、第二（n=262）和第三（n=174）孕期的孕妇 UIC 中位数分别为 133（81-316）、145（84-236）和 156（89-245）μg/L（p=0.419）。中位数 TSH、tT4 和 Tg 分别为 2.7（2.3-3.2）mU/L、202（163-236）nmol/L 和 9.2（5.4-17.9）μg/L。基于 UIC 中位数，居住在约翰内斯堡市区的孕妇可能处于碘边缘缺乏状态。这些发现强调了需要对弱势孕妇的碘状况进行持续监测，特别是考虑到南非最近引入的减盐政策。
