Caputo Marina, Pigni Stella, Agosti Emanuela, Daffara Tommaso, Ferrero Alice, Filigheddu Nicoletta, Prodam Flavia
SCDU of Endocrinology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Cells. 2021 Jun 2;10(6):1376. doi: 10.3390/cells10061376.
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) are pleiotropic hormones with important roles in lifespan. They promote growth, anabolic actions, and body maintenance, and in conditions of energy deprivation, favor catabolic feedback mechanisms switching from carbohydrate oxidation to lipolysis, with the aim to preserve protein storages and survival. IGF-I/insulin signaling was also the first one identified in the regulation of lifespan in relation to the nutrient-sensing. Indeed, nutrients are crucial modifiers of the GH/IGF-I axis, and these hormones also regulate the complex orchestration of utilization of nutrients in cell and tissues. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the reciprocal feedback among the GH/IGF-I axis, macro and micronutrients, and dietary regimens, including caloric restriction. Expanding the depth of information on this topic could open perspectives in nutrition management, prevention, and treatment of GH/IGF-I deficiency or excess during life.
生长激素（GH）和胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-I）是对寿命具有重要作用的多效性激素。它们促进生长、合成代谢作用和身体维持，并且在能量剥夺的情况下，有利于分解代谢反馈机制从碳水化合物氧化转变为脂肪分解，目的是保存蛋白质储备和维持生存。IGF-I/胰岛素信号传导也是在与营养感知相关的寿命调节中首先被确定的。事实上，营养物质是GH/IGF-I轴的关键调节因子，并且这些激素还调节细胞和组织中营养物质利用的复杂协调过程。本综述的目的是总结关于GH/IGF-I轴、常量和微量营养素以及饮食方案（包括热量限制）之间相互反馈的当前知识。扩展关于该主题的信息深度可能为生命过程中GH/IGF-I缺乏或过量的营养管理、预防和治疗开辟前景。
