Sulaimani Medicolegal Institute, Qanat Street, Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq.
Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK.
Biosensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 10;11(6):192. doi: 10.3390/bios11060192.
Coumaphos is an organophosphorus compound used as insecticide and frequently used by beekeepers for the management of parasitic mites. The most important metabolite, chlorferron (CFN), has been identified in biological samples and foodstuff. The need to quickly identify the presence of typical metabolites, as an indication of interaction with coumaphos has driven the need to produce a highly sensitive electrochemical method for chlorferron analysis, based on molecularly imprinting polymers (MIP) technology. It showed irreversible behaviour with mixed diffusion/adsorption-controlled reactions at the electrode surface. A monoelectronic mechanism of reaction for oxidation has also been suggested. The linear range observed was from 0.158 to 75 µM. Median precision in terms of %RSD around 3% was also observed. For DPV, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the CFN-MIP were 0.158 µM and 0.48 µM, respectively. The obtained median % recovery was around 98%. The results were also validated to reference values obtained using GC-MS. Urine and human synthetic plasma spiked with CFN were used to demonstrate the usability of the method in biological samples, showing the potential for biomonitoring. The developed imprinted sensor showed maximum signal change less than 16.8% when related metabolites or pesticide were added to the mix, suggesting high selectivity of the MIP sensor toward CFN molecules. The results from in vitro metabolism of CMP analysed also demonstrates the potential for detection and quantification of CFN in environmental samples. The newly developed CFN-MIP sensor offers similar LoDs than chromatographic methods with shorter analysis time.
氯氟苯（CFN）是一种有机磷化合物，用作杀虫剂，养蜂人经常将其用于防治寄生螨虫。在生物样本和食品中已鉴定出最重要的代谢物氯氟苯（CFN）。需要快速识别典型代谢物的存在，作为与氯氟苯相互作用的指示，这推动了基于分子印迹聚合物（MIP）技术开发对氯氟苯进行高灵敏度电化学分析的方法。它在电极表面表现出混合扩散/吸附控制反应的不可逆行为。还提出了氧化的单电子反应机制。观察到的线性范围为 0.158 至 75µM。还观察到 3%左右的中位数精度的%RSD。对于 DPV，CFN-MIP 的检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为 0.158µM 和 0.48µM。获得的中位数回收率约为 98%。还使用 GC-MS 获得的参考值对结果进行了验证。使用 CFN 对尿液和人合成血浆进行了加标，证明了该方法在生物样本中的可用性，表明了其在生物监测中的潜力。当将相关代谢物或农药添加到混合物中时，开发的印迹传感器的信号变化最大不超过 16.8%，这表明 MIP 传感器对 CFN 分子具有高选择性。对 CMP 体外代谢的分析结果也证明了在环境样品中检测和定量 CFN 的潜力。新开发的 CFN-MIP 传感器提供了与色谱方法相似的 LoD，但分析时间更短。
