Mavrommatis Alexandros, Sotirakoglou Kyriaki, Kamilaris Charalampos, Tsiplakou Eleni
Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, School of Environment and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece.
Foods. 2021 Jun 8;10(6):1322. doi: 10.3390/foods10061322.
Although the dietary inclusion level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio affect milk quality, their interaction has not been broadly studied. To address such gaps and limitations a two-phase trial using twenty-two dairy goats was carried out. During the first phase, both groups (20 HF = 11; high forage and 20 HG = 11; high grain) were supplemented with 20 g spp./goat/day. The 20 HF group consumed a diet with F:C ratio 60:40 and the 20 HG-diet consisted of F:C = 40:60. In the second phase, the supplementation level of spp. was increased to 40 g/day/goat while the F:C ratio between the two groups were remained identical (40 HF = 11; high forage and 40 HG = 11; high grain). Neither the spp. supplementation levels (20 vs. 40) nor the F:C ratio (60:40 vs. 40:60) affected milk performance. The high microalgae level (40 g) in combination with high grain diet (40 HG) modified the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the ω3/ω6 ratio in milk, to a beneficial manner according to human health recommendation guidelines. However, the highest inclusion level of spp. (40 g) and foremost in combination with the high grain diets (40 HG) induced an oxidative response as observed by the increased protein carbonyls (CP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in milk and blood plasma indicating severe limitations for a long-term, on-farm application. In conclusion, the supplementation with 20 g spp. and high forage diet (60:40) appears to be an ideal formula to enrich dairy products with essential biomolecules for human health without adversely affect milk oxidative stability.
尽管多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的日粮添加水平以及粗饲料与精饲料比例（F:C）会影响牛奶品质，但它们之间的相互作用尚未得到广泛研究。为了填补这些空白并克服相关限制，使用22只奶山羊进行了一项两阶段试验。在第一阶段，两组（20 HF = 11；高粗饲料组和20 HG = 11；高谷物组）均每日每只山羊补充20克 spp.。20 HF组食用F:C比例为60:40的日粮，20 HG组的日粮F:C比例为40:60。在第二阶段， spp.的补充水平提高到每日每只山羊40克，而两组之间的F:C比例保持相同（40 HF = 11；高粗饲料组和40 HG = 11；高谷物组）。 spp.的补充水平（20克与40克）以及F:C比例（60:40与40:60）均未影响产奶性能。高微藻水平（40克）与高谷物日粮（40 HG）相结合，按照人类健康推荐指南，以有益的方式改变了牛奶中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）和共轭亚油酸（CLA）的比例以及ω3/ω6比值。然而，最高的 spp.添加水平（40克），尤其是与高谷物日粮（40 HG）相结合时，会引发氧化反应，如牛奶和血浆中蛋白质羰基（CP）和丙二醛（MDA）水平升高所示，这表明在农场长期应用存在严重限制。总之，补充20克 spp.和高粗饲料日粮（60:40）似乎是一种理想配方，既能使乳制品富含对人类健康至关重要的生物分子，又不会对牛奶的氧化稳定性产生不利影响。
