Christodoulou Christos, Mavrommatis Alexandros, Mitsiopoulou Christina, Symeon George, Dotas Vasilis, Sotirakoglou Kyriaki, Kotsampasi Basiliki, Tsiplakou Eleni
Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece.
Foods. 2021 Sep 2;10(9):2076. doi: 10.3390/foods10092076.
Camelina sativa seeds are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and antioxidants, thus, their supplementation in ewes' diets, may be an effective way to develop high nutritional dairy products. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of the dietary inclusion of Camelina sativa seeds in ewes' oxidative status and milk quality. Forty-eight dairy Chios ewes were divided into four homogenous groups and were fed individually. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no inclusion of Camelina seeds, while the treatment groups (CSS6, CSS11, CSS16) were supplemented with 6%, 11%, and 16%, respectively. Including Camelina seeds in 6% and 11%, had no impact on milk performance, while in the CSS16, milk fat was significantly decreased compared to the CON. Supplementing Camelina seeds improved milk quality from a human health perspective by modifying the content of saturated fatty acid, the proportions of α-linolenic (C), and C (CLA), and the ω6/ω3 ratio. Furthermore, the activity of catalase (CAT) was significantly increased in the CSS11 and CSS16, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity also significantly upsurged in the CSS16. Still, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in the CSS11 compared to the CON and CSS6, and in the CSS16 compared to the CSS6. In CSS16, protein carbonyls were significantly increased. Finally, in the CSS-fed ewes, milk oxidative stability was fortified, as suggested by the modifications in the activities of SOD, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), in the antioxidant capacity, and the oxidative stress biomarkers. Consequently, the incorporation of 6% Camelina seeds in the concentrates of ewes improves milk's fatty acid profile and oxidative status. However, more research is required regarding the possible negative effects of the constant consumption of Camelina seeds by ewes.
荠蓝种子富含生物活性化合物，如多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和抗氧化剂，因此，在母羊日粮中添加荠蓝种子可能是生产高营养乳制品的有效途径。因此，本研究调查了日粮中添加荠蓝种子对母羊氧化状态和牛奶品质的影响。48只希俄斯奶山羊被分为四个同质组并单独饲养。对照组（CON）的浓缩饲料中未添加荠蓝种子，而处理组（CSS6、CSS11、CSS16）分别添加了6%、11%和16%的荠蓝种子。添加6%和11%的荠蓝种子对产奶性能没有影响，而在CSS16组中，与CON组相比，乳脂显著降低。从人类健康的角度来看，添加荠蓝种子通过改变饱和脂肪酸含量、α-亚麻酸（C）和共轭亚油酸（CLA）的比例以及ω6/ω3比值，改善了牛奶品质。此外，CSS11组和CSS16组中过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性显著增加，CSS16组中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性也显著升高。然而，与CON组和CSS6组相比，CSS11组中丙二醛（MDA）的水平显著升高，与CSS6组相比，CSS16组中丙二醛的水平也显著升高。在CSS16组中，蛋白质羰基显著增加。最后，在饲喂CSS的母羊中，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性的改变、抗氧化能力以及氧化应激生物标志物表明牛奶的氧化稳定性得到了增强。因此，在母羊的浓缩饲料中添加6%的荠蓝种子可改善牛奶的脂肪酸组成和氧化状态。然而，关于母羊持续食用荠蓝种子可能产生的负面影响，还需要更多的研究。
