Serrano María Jesús, García-Gonzalo Diego, Abilleira Eunate, Elorduy Janire, Mitjana Olga, Falceto María Victoria, Laborda Alicia, Bonastre Cristina, Mata Luis, Condón Santiago, Pagán Rafael
Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Public Health Laboratory, Office of Public Health and Addictions, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, 48160 Derio, Spain.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Jun 23;10(7):762. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10070762.
Many of the infectious diseases that affect livestock have bacteria as etiological agents. Thus, therapy is based on antimicrobials that leave the animal's tissues mainly via urine, reaching the environment through slurry and waste water. Once there, antimicrobial residues may lead to antibacterial resistance as well as toxicity for plants, animals, or humans. Hence, the objective was to describe the rate of antimicrobial excretion in urine in order to select the most appropriate molecule while reducing harmful effects. Thus, 62 pigs were treated with sulfamethoxypyridazine, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin. Urine was collected through the withdrawal period and analysed via LC-MS/MS. Oxytetracycline had the slowest rate of degradation (a half-life time of 4.18 days) and the most extended elimination period in urine (over 2 months), followed by enrofloxacin (a half-life time of 1.48 days, total urine elimination in ca. 3 weeks) and sulfamethoxypyridazine (a half-life time of 0.49 days, total urine elimination in ca. 1 week). Bacterial sensitivity and recommendations for responsible use are limiting when selecting the treatment. Nevertheless, with similar effectiveness, sulfamethoxypyridazine would be the choice, as waste treatment would only need to be implemented for 1 week after treatment. Thus, more in-depth knowledge regarding antibacterial elimination would improve resource management, while protecting animals and consumers' health.
许多影响家畜的传染病都由细菌作为病原体。因此，治疗基于主要通过尿液离开动物组织、经粪便和废水进入环境的抗菌药物。一旦进入环境，抗菌药物残留可能导致抗菌耐药性以及对植物、动物或人类产生毒性。因此，目的是描述尿液中抗菌药物的排泄率，以便在减少有害影响的同时选择最合适的药物分子。因此，对62头猪使用了磺胺甲氧嗪、土霉素和恩诺沙星进行治疗。在停药期收集尿液，并通过液相色谱 - 串联质谱法进行分析。土霉素的降解速度最慢（半衰期为4.18天），在尿液中的消除期最长（超过2个月），其次是恩诺沙星（半衰期为1.48天，约3周内尿液完全消除）和磺胺甲氧嗪（半衰期为0.49天，约1周内尿液完全消除）。在选择治疗方法时，细菌敏感性和合理使用建议具有局限性。然而，在效果相似的情况下，磺胺甲氧嗪将是首选，因为治疗后只需进行1周的废物处理。因此，关于抗菌药物消除的更深入了解将改善资源管理，同时保护动物和消费者的健康。
