Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
Molecules. 2021 Jun 25;26(13):3879. doi: 10.3390/molecules26133879.
During the last three decades, a variety of different studies on bioactive peptides that are opioid receptor ligands, have been carried out, with regard to their isolation and identification, as well as their molecular functions in living organisms. Thus, in this review, we would like to summarize the present state-of-the art concerning hemorphins, methodological aspects of their identification, and their potential role as therapeutic agents. We have collected and discussed articles describing hemorphins, from their discovery up until now, thus presenting a very wide spectrum of their characteristic and applications. One of the major assets of the present paper is a combination of analytical and pharmacological aspects of peptides described by a team who participated in the initial research on hemorphins. This review is, in part, focused on the analysis of endogenous opioid peptides in biological samples using advanced techniques, description of the identification of synthetic/endogenous hemorphins, their involvement in pharmacology, learning, pain and other function. Finally, the part regarding hemorphin analogues and their synthesis, has been added.
在过去的三十年中，人们进行了各种不同的关于生物活性肽的研究，这些肽类是阿片受体配体，涉及它们的分离和鉴定，以及它们在生物体中的分子功能。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将总结关于血红蛋白肽的最新研究进展，包括它们的鉴定方法及其作为治疗剂的潜在作用。我们收集并讨论了描述血红蛋白肽的文章，从发现至今，因此呈现了它们的特征和应用的广泛范围。本文的主要优点之一是，参与血红蛋白肽初始研究的团队结合了对肽的分析和药理学方面的研究。本综述部分侧重于使用先进技术分析生物样品中的内源性阿片肽，描述合成/内源性血红蛋白肽的鉴定、它们在药理学、学习、疼痛和其他功能中的作用。最后，还添加了血红蛋白类似物及其合成的部分。
