Ringwaldt Elise M, Brook Barry W, Carver Scott, Buettel Jessie C
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jun 6;11(6):1691. doi: 10.3390/ani11061691.
Causative disease and stress agents which manifest as dermatitis in mammals have varying effects on individual animals, from benign irritation and inflammation, to causing morbidity and even mortality. Bacteria, viruses and ectoparasites are all potential causes of dermatitis, and it can be exacerbated by various environmental, genetic and social factors. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether dermatitis is more likely to manifest in already-vulnerable wildlife species. Here, we systematically review the literature for reports of dermatitis in terrestrial and semi-aquatic wild mammalian species, with the goal of determining the biogeographical scale of dermatitis reports, the causes of dermatitis, and whether manifestation of dermatitis is reported more commonly in certain wildlife species or their captivity status (i.e., free-living, in captivity or in a laboratory). We reveal biases in the reporting of dermatitis by a biogeographic realm, with 55% of cases reported in the Nearctic, and towards particular orders of mammals, namely Artiodactyla and Carnivora. Overall, free-living wildlife is almost twice as likely to be reported as having dermatitis than individuals in captivity and six times more likely than individuals in laboratories, which we interpret as owing to exposure to a broader spectrum of parasites in free-ranging individuals, and potential reporting bias in captive individuals. Notably, dermatitis was reported in 23 threatened species, with some species more likely than others to be reported exhibiting clinical signs of dermatitis resulting from underlying health problems. We also find that threatened species are more likely to be reported as having dermatitis in captivity, particularly outside of their endemic home range. This review highlights diverse patterns of dermatological disease causes in captive and free-ranging wildlife, conditions under which they are more likely to be documented, and the need for cross-disciplinary research to ascertain (and so better manage) the varied causes.
在哺乳动物中表现为皮炎的致病疾病和应激源对个体动物有不同影响，从良性刺激和炎症到导致发病甚至死亡。细菌、病毒和外寄生虫都是皮炎的潜在病因，并且它会因各种环境、遗传和社会因素而加剧。此外，尚不确定皮炎是否更易在本已脆弱的野生生物物种中表现出来。在此，我们系统地回顾了陆地和半水生野生哺乳动物物种中皮炎报告的文献，目的是确定皮炎报告的生物地理范围、皮炎的病因，以及皮炎是否在某些野生生物物种或其圈养状态（即自由生活、圈养或在实验室）中更常见。我们揭示了按生物地理区域划分的皮炎报告存在偏差，55% 的病例报告来自新北界，并且偏向于特定的哺乳动物目，即偶蹄目和食肉目。总体而言，自由生活的野生动物被报告患有皮炎的可能性几乎是圈养个体的两倍，是实验室个体的六倍，我们将此解释为由于自由放养个体接触到更广泛的寄生虫，以及圈养个体存在潜在的报告偏差。值得注意的是，在23种受威胁物种中报告了皮炎，一些物种比其他物种更有可能被报告表现出由潜在健康问题导致的皮炎临床症状。我们还发现，受威胁物种在圈养状态下更有可能被报告患有皮炎，尤其是在其特有栖息地范围之外。本综述强调了圈养和自由放养野生动物中皮肤病病因的多样模式、它们更有可能被记录的条件，以及开展跨学科研究以确定（从而更好地管理）各种病因的必要性。
Zotero 插件
