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G蛋白偶联受体介导的Src家族激酶激活中的新结构观点

New Structural Perspectives in G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Src Family Kinase Activation.

作者信息

Berndt Sandra, Liebscher Ines

机构信息

Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 17;22(12):6489. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126489.

Abstract

Src family kinases (SFKs) are key regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The expression of these non-receptor tyrosine kinases is strongly correlated with cancer development and tumor progression. Thus, this family of proteins serves as an attractive drug target. The activation of SFKs can occur via multiple signaling pathways, yet many of them are poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated regulation of SFKs, which is of considerable interest because GPCRs are among the most widely used pharmaceutical targets. This type of activation can occur through a direct interaction between the two proteins or be allosterically regulated by arrestins and G proteins. We postulate that a rearrangement of binding motifs within the active conformation of arrestin-3 mediates Src regulation by comparison of available crystal structures. Therefore, we hypothesize a potentially different activation mechanism compared to arrestin-2. Furthermore, we discuss the probable direct regulation of SFK by GPCRs and investigate the intracellular domains of exemplary GPCRs with conserved polyproline binding motifs that might serve as scaffolding domains to allow such a direct interaction. Large intracellular domains in GPCRs are often understudied and, in general, not much is known of their contribution to different signaling pathways. The suggested direct interaction between a GPCR and a SFK could allow for a potential immediate allosteric regulation of SFKs by GPCRs and thereby unravel a novel mechanism of SFK signaling. This overview will help to identify new GPCR-SFK interactions, which could serve to explain biological functions or be used to modulate downstream effectors.

摘要

Src家族激酶(SFKs)是细胞增殖、分化和存活的关键调节因子。这些非受体酪氨酸激酶的表达与癌症发展和肿瘤进展密切相关。因此,这类蛋白质成为一个有吸引力的药物靶点。SFKs的激活可通过多种信号通路发生,然而其中许多通路尚不清楚。在此,我们总结了目前关于G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)介导的SFKs调节的知识,这一点备受关注,因为GPCR是最广泛使用的药物靶点之一。这种激活类型可通过两种蛋白质之间的直接相互作用发生,或由抑制蛋白和G蛋白进行变构调节。通过比较现有的晶体结构,我们推测抑制蛋白-3活性构象内结合基序的重排介导了Src的调节。因此,我们假设与抑制蛋白-2相比存在一种潜在不同的激活机制。此外,我们讨论了GPCR对SFK可能的直接调节,并研究了具有保守多聚脯氨酸结合基序的示例性GPCR的细胞内结构域,这些结构域可能作为支架结构域以允许这种直接相互作用。GPCR的大细胞内结构域通常研究不足,总体而言,对其在不同信号通路中的作用了解不多。GPCR与SFK之间建议的直接相互作用可能使GPCR对SFK进行潜在的即时变构调节,从而揭示SFK信号传导的新机制。本综述将有助于识别新的GPCR-SFK相互作用,这可能有助于解释生物学功能或用于调节下游效应器。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/be96/8233884/ec4b81f73039/ijms-22-06489-g001.jpg

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