Czech Kamil, Oliwa Rafał, Krajewski Dariusz, Bulanda Katarzyna, Oleksy Mariusz, Budzik Grzegorz, Mazurkow Aleksander
Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Department of Polymer Composites, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jun 3;14(11):3047. doi: 10.3390/ma14113047.
Polymer fiber composites are increasingly being used in many industries, including the defense industry. However, for protective applications, in addition to high specific strength and stiffness, polymer composites are also required to have a high energy absorption capacity. To improve the performance of fiber-reinforced composites, many researchers have modified them using multiple methods, such as the introduction of nanofillers into the polymer matrix, the modification of fibers with nanofillers, the impregnation of fabrics using a shear thickening fluid (STF) or a shear thickening gel (STG), or a combination of these techniques. In addition, the physical structures of composites have been modified through reinforcement hybridization; the appropriate design of roving, weave, and cross-orientation of fabric layers; and the development of 3D structures. This review focuses on the effects of modifying composites on their impact energy absorption capacity and other mechanical properties. It highlights the technologies used and their effectiveness for the three main fiber types: glass, carbon, and aramid. In addition, basic design considerations related to fabric selection and orientation are indicated. Evaluation of the literature data showed that the highest energy absorption capacities are obtained by using an STF or STG and an appropriate fiber reinforcement structure, while modifications using nanomaterials allow other strength parameters to be improved, such as flexural strength, tensile strength, or shear strength.
聚合物纤维复合材料正越来越多地应用于包括国防工业在内的许多行业。然而，对于防护应用，除了高比强度和刚度外，聚合物复合材料还需要具有高能量吸收能力。为了提高纤维增强复合材料的性能，许多研究人员采用了多种方法对其进行改性，如将纳米填料引入聚合物基体、用纳米填料对纤维进行改性、用剪切增稠流体（STF）或剪切增稠凝胶（STG）浸渍织物，或这些技术的组合。此外，复合材料的物理结构已通过增强体混杂、织物层粗纱、编织和交叉取向的适当设计以及三维结构的开发而得到改性。本综述重点关注复合材料改性对其冲击能量吸收能力和其他力学性能的影响。它突出了所使用的技术及其对三种主要纤维类型（玻璃纤维、碳纤维和芳纶纤维）的有效性。此外，还指出了与织物选择和取向相关的基本设计考虑因素。对文献数据的评估表明，通过使用STF或STG以及适当的纤维增强结构可获得最高的能量吸收能力，而使用纳米材料进行改性可改善其他强度参数，如弯曲强度、拉伸强度或剪切强度。
