Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Jun 11;12(6):902. doi: 10.3390/genes12060902.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell-cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs' potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 作为细胞间通讯的介质引起了关注，因为人们发现 EVs 中含有 RNA 分子，包括非编码 RNA (ncRNA)。越来越多的证据表明，特定 EV 亚型中富含特殊的 RNA 物种。从供体细胞转移到受体细胞的 ncRNA 赋予 EV 调节参与分化、增殖、凋亡和其他生物学过程的基因表达的特征。这些多种作用需要从 EV 中分离 RNA 内容的准确性，并且所使用的方法学起着相关的作用。在肝脏中，EVs 通过其货物的水平转移，在调节细胞间通讯和异质肝细胞群中的几种病理生理事件方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本综述旨在讨论 EV 及其 ncRNA 内容在调节肝细胞癌发展的特定方面（包括肿瘤发生、血管生成和肿瘤转移）中的新兴作用。我们分析了 EV-ncRNAs 作为肝脏疾病重要诊断和预后生物标志物的潜在临床应用的进展。
