D'Agnano Igea, Berardi Anna Concetta
National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Spirito Santo Hospital, 65125 Pescara, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jan 21;12(2):261. doi: 10.3390/cancers12020261.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third highest cause of mortality from cancer, largely because of delays in diagnosis. There is currently no effective therapy for advanced stage HCC, although sorafenib, the standard treatment for HCC, systemic therapy (including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anti-angiogenesis agents), and more recently, immunotherapy, have demonstrated some survival benefit. The measurement and modification of extracellular vesicle (EVs) cargoes-composed of nucleic acids, including miRNAs, proteins, and lipids-holds great promise for future HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review will provide an overview of the most recent findings regarding EVs in HCC, and the possible future use of EVs as "liquid biopsy"-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and as a vehicle for targeted drug-delivery.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是第六大常见癌症，也是癌症死亡的第三大主要原因，这主要是由于诊断延误所致。尽管索拉非尼（HCC的标准治疗药物）、全身治疗（包括酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和抗血管生成药物）以及最近的免疫疗法已显示出一定的生存益处，但目前对于晚期HCC尚无有效的治疗方法。对由核酸（包括miRNA）、蛋白质和脂质组成的细胞外囊泡（EVs）货物进行测量和修饰，对于未来HCC的诊断、预后和治疗具有巨大潜力。本综述将概述关于HCC中EVs的最新研究结果，以及EVs未来作为基于“液体活检”的生物标志物用于早期诊断和作为靶向药物递送载体的可能用途。
