Momin Mahek, Webb Ginny
Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, 800 University Way Spartanburg, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 11;22(12):6302. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126302.
is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for fungal meningoencephalitis primarily in immunocompromised individuals. It has become evident the pathogenicity of is dependent on the fungal cell's environment. The differential expression of virulence factors, based on the cell's environmental conditions, is one mechanism allowing for the environmental control of the pathogenic ability of . Here, we discuss how these virulence factors (including melanin, the polysaccharide capsule, and Antiphagocytic protein 1) have been shown to be differentially expressed dependent on the cell's environment. The genetics and signaling pathways leading to the environmental-dependent regulation of virulence factors will also be examined. Susceptibility to antifungal therapeutics is also regulated by the environment, and thus affects the pathogenic abilities of and disease outcomes. This review will also examine the role of the 's environment on antifungal susceptibilities, and the genetics and signaling pathways responsible for these susceptibility alterations. By examining the complex interplay between the environment and the pathogenicity of , we have a better understanding of the intricacies of the pathogen-environment interaction and how to exploit this interaction to develop the most effective treatment protocols.
是一种兼性细胞内病原体，主要导致免疫功能低下个体发生真菌性脑膜脑炎。已经很明显，的致病性取决于真菌细胞的环境。基于细胞环境条件的毒力因子差异表达是一种允许对的致病能力进行环境控制的机制。在这里，我们讨论这些毒力因子（包括黑色素、多糖荚膜和抗吞噬蛋白1）如何已被证明根据细胞环境而差异表达。导致毒力因子环境依赖性调节的遗传学和信号通路也将被研究。对抗真菌治疗的敏感性也受环境调节，从而影响的致病能力和疾病结果。本综述还将研究的环境对抗真菌敏感性的作用，以及负责这些敏感性改变的遗传学和信号通路。通过研究环境与致病性之间的复杂相互作用，我们能更好地理解病原体与环境相互作用的复杂性，以及如何利用这种相互作用来制定最有效的治疗方案。
