Rajput Vishnu D, Minkina Tatiana, Fedorenko Aleksei, Chernikova Natalia, Hassan Tara, Mandzhieva Saglara, Sushkova Svetlana, Lysenko Vladimir, Soldatov Mikhail A, Burachevskaya Marina
Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Jun 30;11(7):1722. doi: 10.3390/nano11071722.
The aim of the present work was to investigate the toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs, particle size < 50 nm) on the physiological and anatomical indices of spring barley ( L.). The results show that ZnO NPs inhibited growth by affecting the chlorophyll fluorescence emissions and causing deformations of the stomatal and trichome morphology, alterations to the cellular organizations, including irregularities of the chloroplasts, and disruptions to the grana and thylakoid organizations. There was a lower number of chloroplasts per cell observed in the leaf cells treated with ZnO NPs as compared to the non-treated plants. Cytomorphometric quantification revealed that ZnO NPs decreased the size of the chloroplast by 1.5 and 4 times in 300 and 2000 mg/L ZnO NP-treated plants, respectively. The elemental analysis showed higher Zn accumulation in the treated leaf tissues (3.8 and 10.18-fold with 300 and 2000 mg/L ZnO NPs, respectively) than the untreated. High contents of Zn were observed in several spots in ZnO NP-treated leaf tissues using X-ray fluorescence. Deviations in the anatomical indices were significantly correlated with physiological observations. The accumulation of Zn content in plant tissues that originated from ZnO NPs was shown to cause damage to the structural organization of the photosynthetic apparatus and reduced the photosynthetic activities.
本研究的目的是调查氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs，粒径<50 nm）对春大麦（L.）生理和解剖指标的毒性作用。结果表明，ZnO NPs通过影响叶绿素荧光发射、导致气孔和毛状体形态变形、改变细胞组织（包括叶绿体不规则）以及破坏基粒和类囊体组织来抑制生长。与未处理的植物相比，在经ZnO NPs处理的叶片细胞中观察到每个细胞的叶绿体数量较少。细胞形态计量学定量分析表明，在300和2000 mg/L ZnO NP处理的植物中，ZnO NPs分别使叶绿体大小减小了1.5倍和4倍。元素分析表明，处理过的叶片组织中锌的积累量（分别为300和2000 mg/L ZnO NPs处理下的3.8倍和10.18倍）高于未处理的组织。使用X射线荧光在经ZnO NPs处理的叶片组织中的几个部位观察到高含量的锌。解剖指标的偏差与生理观察结果显著相关。结果表明，源自ZnO NPs的植物组织中锌含量的积累会对光合装置的结构组织造成损害，并降低光合活性。
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