Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
J Sports Sci Med. 2021 Apr 15;20(2):365-372. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2021.365. eCollection 2021 Jun.
The ideal timing to implement anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs with respect to maturation is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an injury prevention program on knee mechanics in early-, late-, and post-pubertal females. In the study, 178 adolescent female basketball players were assigned to six groups: early-pubertal training, early-pubertal control, late-pubertal training, and late-pubertal control, post-pubertal training, and post-pubertal control. The training groups performed an injury prevention program for six months. Medial knee displacement, knee flexion range of motion, and the probability of high knee abduction moment were assessed before and after the training period. After the six-month training period, medial knee displacement was significantly increased in the early-pubertal control group whereas it was unchanged in the early-pubertal training group. Knee flexion range of motion was significantly decreased in the early-pubertal control group whereas it did not change in the early-pubertal training group. The probability of high knee abduction moment was increased in the early-pubertal control group whereas it was unchanged in the earl-pubertal training group. The probability of high knee abduction moment was also decreased in the post-pubertal training group whereas it did not change in the post-pubertal control group. The program limited the development of high-risk movement patterns associated with maturation in early puberty while improving the knee mechanics in post-pubertal adolescents. Therefore, an injury prevention program should be initiated in early puberty and continue through the post-puberty years.
理想的时机来实施前交叉韧带损伤预防计划方面的成熟是不清楚的。本研究的目的是探讨预防计划对膝关节力学的影响在早期、晚期和青春期后女性。在这项研究中，178 名青春期前的女篮球运动员被分配到六个组：青春期前的训练，青春期前的控制，青春期后的训练和青春期后的控制，青春期后的训练和青春期后的控制。训练组进行了为期六个月的预防计划。评估前和后的训练期后，膝关节内位移，膝关节屈曲范围和高膝外展力矩的概率。经过六个月的训练期，膝关节内位移明显增加在青春期前的控制组，而不变的是在青春期前的训练组。膝关节屈曲范围明显减少在青春期前的控制组，而不变的是在青春期前的训练组。高膝外展力矩的概率增加在青春期前的控制组，而不变的是在青春期前的训练组。高膝外展力矩的概率也降低了在青春期后的训练组，而不变的是在青春期后的控制组。该方案限制了发展高风险的运动模式与成熟的青春期早期，同时改善膝关节力学在后青春期青少年。因此，预防计划应在青春期早期开始，并持续到青春期后。
