Feria-Madueño Adrián, Hewett Timothy, Dos'Santos Thomas, Sañudo Borja
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
Department of Orthopedics, Marshall University Biomechanics Laboratories and Sports Medicine Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Nov 21;12(23):2327. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12232327.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the impacts of a 12-week training program on kinetic parameters during landings in non-professional recreational athletes.
Fifty-seven non-elite recreational athletes performed three unilateral-landing trials from a 30 cm high structure on a force platform. The following outcome measures were analyzed: the ground reaction forces at initial ground contact (PF1) and the highest value (PF2), impulse (change in the moment of force during landing), stabilization time, and ankle and knee accelerations. The ground reaction forces, momentum, and accelerations were evaluated in the vertical, medio-lateral, and anteroposterior axes. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group (EG) underwent a 12-week intervention, three times per week, consisting of various exercises, such as strength, eccentric, proprioceptive, whole-body vibration (WBV), and neuromuscular exercises. After 12 weeks, the same outcome measures were analyzed.
The effects of the training program on vertical ground reaction forces were not clear (0.3% and 0.9%, respectively). Medio-lateral (64.8%, d = 0.51) and anteroposterior (43.9%, d = 1.34) forces were probably reduced due to the training program. The stabilization time was also reduced in the experimental group (44.2%). The training program most likely decreased the vertical impulse (47.3%, d = -1.56), whereas the total ankle acceleration increased (18.4%, d = 0.79).
The findings reveal significant improvements in neuromuscular control and stability during landings, specifically demonstrating reduced medio-lateral forces, vertical momentum, and acceleration during monopodal landings. This study focuses on the importance of proper landing techniques in minimizing the risk of knee injuries, emphasizing the falling strategy's role in injury prevention.
背景/目的：本研究调查了一项为期12周的训练计划对非专业休闲运动员着陆时动力学参数的影响。
57名非精英休闲运动员在测力平台上从30厘米高的结构上进行了三次单腿着陆试验。分析了以下结果指标：初始触地时的地面反作用力（PF1）和最大值（PF2）、冲量（着陆过程中力的力矩变化）、稳定时间以及踝关节和膝关节加速度。在垂直、内外侧和前后轴上评估地面反作用力、动量和加速度。参与者被随机分为两组。实验组（EG）接受为期12周的干预，每周三次，包括各种练习，如力量、离心、本体感觉、全身振动（WBV）和神经肌肉练习。12周后，分析相同的结果指标。
训练计划对垂直地面反作用力的影响不明显（分别为0.3%和0.9%）。由于训练计划，内外侧力（64.8%，d = 0.51）和前后力（43.9%，d = 1.34）可能降低。实验组的稳定时间也缩短了（44.2%）。训练计划很可能降低了垂直冲量（47.3%，d = -1.56），而踝关节总加速度增加了（18.4%，d = 0.79）。
研究结果显示着陆时神经肌肉控制和稳定性有显著改善，具体表现为单足着陆时内外侧力、垂直动量和加速度降低。本研究强调了正确着陆技术在将膝关节损伤风险降至最低方面的重要性，强调了落地策略在预防损伤中的作用。
