Wang Yu-Ping, Gao Hui-Hui, Zhang Feng, Chen Li-Xiang, Sun Wen-Bin
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Jun;32(6):2070-2078. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.001.
We investigated leaf tissue structure, leaf epidermis characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of at different altitudes (2300, 3200 and 3900 m) on the Qilian Mountain, using paraffin section, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy methods. The results showed that plant leaves were typical bifacial. With increasing altitude, the number of leaf epidermal hair reduced but the diameter of hair increased, with more compact of the cuticular wax layer on leaf lower epidermis. Leaf thickness reached a maximum at 3200 m and was increased by 39.6% and 50.5%, respectively, compared with that from 2300 m and 3900 m. From 2300 m to 3200 m, the cell layers of palisade tissue increased from two to three, while intercellular space decreased. The cell layer of spongy tissue did not change, whereas intercellular space increased with increasing altitude. At 3900 m, the number of cell layer of palisade tissue reduced to two, epidermal cell volume and the intercellular space of palisade tissue increased while the intercellular space of spongy tissue decreased. The thickness of epidermal cell increased. There was no significant difference among three altitudes in the number of cell layers. The accumulation of surface appurtenances and the substomatal appendages, and stomata density of lower epidermis increased with altitude. Meanwhile, the position of stomata changed from arched epidermis to invagination. From 2300 m to 3200 m, the grana lamella increased from 6-9 to 8-12 and then reduced to 2-3 at 3900 m. The number of grana decreased, the lamellae became dense, the arrangement direction of grana was irregular at 3900 m. The chloroplasts swelling and the envelope partially degradation could be observed. The correlations among the anatomical characteristics of leaves indicated an apparent co-evolution between parts of anatomical indices in the leaves. In particular, indices such as spongy tissue thickness exhibited high plasticity across altitudes. Our results suggested that diffe-rences in anatomical structure and ultrastructure characteristics of along altitude were adaptation strategies for the complicated alpine heterogeneous habitats.
我们采用石蜡切片、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜方法，对祁连山上不同海拔（2300米、3200米和3900米）的[植物名称未给出]叶片组织结构、叶表皮特征和叶绿体超微结构进行了研究。结果表明，植物叶片为典型的异面叶。随着海拔升高，叶表皮毛数量减少但毛直径增加，叶下表皮角质蜡层更致密。叶片厚度在3200米处达到最大值，与2300米和3900米处相比，分别增加了39.6%和50.5%。从2300米到3200米，栅栏组织细胞层数从两层增加到三层，而细胞间隙减小。海绵组织细胞层数不变，而细胞间隙随海拔升高而增加。在3900米处，栅栏组织细胞层数减少到两层，表皮细胞体积和栅栏组织细胞间隙增加，而海绵组织细胞间隙减小。表皮细胞厚度增加。三个海拔高度的细胞层数无显著差异。叶下表皮表面附属物和气孔下附属物的积累以及气孔密度随海拔升高而增加。同时，气孔位置从拱形表皮变为内陷。从2300米到3200米，基粒片层从6 - 9增加到8 - 12，然后在3900米处减少到2 - 3。基粒数量减少，片层变得致密，在3900米处基粒排列方向不规则。可观察到叶绿体肿胀和包膜部分降解。叶片解剖特征之间的相关性表明叶片解剖指标各部分之间存在明显的协同进化。特别是，海绵组织厚度等指标在不同海拔间表现出较高的可塑性。我们的结果表明，[植物名称未给出]沿海拔高度的解剖结构和超微结构特征差异是对复杂高山异质生境的适应策略。
