Wang Qian, Zhao Xiao-Qing, Pu Jun-Wei, Yue Qi-Fa, Chen Xing-Yu, Shi Xiao-Qian
College of Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Jun;32(6):2180-2190. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.018.
Due to its vulnerability and anthropogenic disturbance, ecological problems in karst areas are prominent, such as vegetation destruction, soil erosion, and rocky desertification. Comprehensive analysis of ecological vulnerability and influencing factors in karst areas can provide scientific support for regional ecological restoration and environmental governance. With Guangnan County, a typical karst region in southeastern Yunnan, as an example, we constructed a karst regional eco-environmental vulnerability assessment index system from the perspective of natural and factitious factors. We used SPCA to assess the ecological vulnerability in 2000, 2010 and 2018. We further analyzed the temporal and spatial variations and explored its influencing factors by using geographic detectors. From 2000 to 2018, the changes of overall fragility were small, but the degree of fragility had been intensifying. The grade of ecological vulnerability was mainly slight fragile. The area with mild, moderate and severe fragility was increasing, while the area of extremely fragile showed no change. Guangnan County had a higher ecological vulnerability in the south of "Zhetu-Liancheng-Yangliujing-Banbang", and lower in the north. The spatial agglomeration effect of vulnerability was strong in this county. The north part of Guangnan was vulnerable low-low agglomeration areas, while the southwest and southeast parts were in high-fragility-high agglomeration areas. The implementation of ecological engineering was conducive to the improvement of regional ecological fragility, while the disturbance of human activities further deteriorated ecological fragility. The area proportion of rocky desertification and stratum lithology had stronger influence on ecological fragility of the karst area. The most important influencing factor of the karst ecological fragility was the development of karst carbonate rocks.
由于其脆弱性和人为干扰，喀斯特地区的生态问题突出，如植被破坏、水土流失和石漠化等。综合分析喀斯特地区的生态脆弱性及其影响因素，可为区域生态修复和环境治理提供科学依据。以滇东南典型喀斯特地区广南县为例，从自然和人为因素角度构建喀斯特区域生态环境脆弱性评价指标体系，运用主成分分析法对2000年、2010年和2018年的生态脆弱性进行评价，并利用地理探测器进一步分析其时空变化特征及影响因素。结果表明：2000—2018年，广南县整体脆弱性变化较小，但脆弱程度呈加剧趋势，生态脆弱等级以轻度脆弱为主，轻度、中度和重度脆弱区面积增加，极重度脆弱区面积无变化；广南县“者兔—连城—杨柳井—板蚌”以南地区生态脆弱性较高，以北地区较低，脆弱性空间集聚效应明显，北部为脆弱性低—低集聚区，西南部和东南部为高脆弱性—高集聚区；生态工程的实施有利于区域生态脆弱性的改善，而人类活动干扰则进一步加剧了生态脆弱性；石漠化面积比例和地层岩性对喀斯特地区生态脆弱性影响较强，喀斯特碳酸盐岩发育是喀斯特生态脆弱性的最重要影响因素。
